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A detailed, practical guide (with the backing of the main UK authorities) to the construction and maintenance of sports grounds.

A detailed, practical guide (with the backing of the main UK authorities) to the construction and maintenance of sports grounds.

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CONTENTS
Preface = ⅸ
Acknowledgements = ⅹ
Introduction = xi
About the NPFA = xiii
Part One General Principles = 1
 1 Identifying the problems = 3
  1.1 The Needs of sport = 3
  1.2 Effects of poor drainage = 5
  1.3 Climate = 6
  1.4 Soil texture and soil structure = 11
  1.5 Soil texture amelioration = 13
  1.6 Gradients and undulations = 13
  1.7 Usa and design rate = 13
  1.8 The site = 14
  1.9 Differences in drainage requirements of agricultural land and sports grounds = 15
  1.10 Cost = 17
  1.11 The importance of a clear, concise and comprehensive specification = 19
  1.12 Site supervision and checking of materials = 21
 2 Components of a drainage scheme - function and instrallation = 23
  2.1 Field drainage = 23
  2.2 Auxiliary soil drainage - assisting water movement through soil = 35
  2.3 Timing of drainage work on established grounds = 44
  2.4 Sequence and timing of drainage operations on new grounds = 44
  2.5 Recording the position of pipe drains and slits = 45
 3 Alternative layouts = 47
  3.1 Options using existing topsoil = 47
  3.2 Options where there is also a need for the importation of new topsoil = 55
 4 Design criteria - theory and practice = 57
  4.1 Transmission of water = 57
  4.2 Absorption and retention of water = 77
 5 Cost benefit implications = 89
  5.1 Assessing the value of drainage = 89
  5.2 How much drainage is needed? = 89
  5.3 Effect of drainage system design on capital cost = 91
  5.4 Spacing of underground laterals or interceptor drains = 91
  5.5 Spacing of surface slits = 92
  5.6 Cost comparisons of alternative systems = 92
  5.7 Effect off drainage on total use = 93
  5.8 Cost-saving strategy for a new playing field = 93
 6 Interrelationships of sward biology, construction, maintenance and use = 95
  6.1 Establishment and immediate after0care prior to allowing play = 95
  6.2 Considerations for the long-term maintenance of new constructions = 97
  6.3 Construction options and maintenance implications = 103
 7 Specification fo Materials - soils, sand and gravel = 109
  7.1 Methods of specifying particle-size composition = 109
  7.2 Choosing the correct materials according to function = 122
 8 Machinery, special equipment and DIY drainage = 129
  8.1 Operations involved = 129
  8.2 DIY drainage = 136
Part Two Specific Constructions = 139
 9 Introduction to Part Two = 141
  9.1 Review of basic principles of construction = 141
  9.2 Construction options for sports turf = 142
 10 The sand-over-gravel approach, typically for greens and golf greens = 147
  10.1 Introduction = 147
  10.2 Sand-over-gravel approach for fine turf = 147
  10.3 Outline specifications for gravel-rafted golf and bowling greens = 153
  10.4 Possibilities for further developments in the gravel bed approach = 155
  10.5 Maintenance of fine, worm-free turf = 156
 11 The slit approach, typically for vigorous winter games such ad rugby and soccer = 165
  11.1 Sand／gravel slits under coarse turf = 165
  11.2 Possibilities for the use of mine slits under fine turf = 169
  11.3 Upgrading an existing pitch for improved performance in winter = 172
  11.4 General guidance on turf maintenance where, on balance, earthworm activity is considered to be potentially beneficial = 176
  11.5 A cautionary tale illustrating what can go wrong during and soon after construction = 177
  11.6 Some other errors encountered = 180
 12 Cricket = 181
  12.1 Introduction = 181
  12.2 Pitch assessment = 182
  12.3 Criticla factors in pitch preparation = 186
  12.4 Overseas comparisons = 189
  12.5 Creation a cricket field = 191
 13 Water-bound hard porous pitches = 195
  13.1 Function = 195
  13.2 General features of design = 195
  13.3 Two standard designs for low cost, quick-draining, water-bound, hard porous pitches = 198
  13.4 Maintenance = 205
  13.5 Further developments in the hard porous approach = 206
 14 DIY construction, package deals, patents, trade names and trade-sponsored literature = 207
  14.1 DIY approach to construction = 207
  14.2 Package deals = 209
  14.3 Patents = 209
  14.4 Trade names = 210
  14.5 Trade-sponsored literature = 211
Part Three Appendices = 213
 Appendix A Simple tests for the determination of soil texture and topsoil quality = 215
  A.1 Soil texture tests for the determination of soil teture and topsoil quality = 215
  A.2 Clay content assessed by Adams and Stewart soil-binding test(ASSB or 'motty test') = 215
  A.3 Modification of the motty test to assess topdressing compatibility with the topsoil already in place = 217
  A.4 Sand content assessed by decantation of the silt and clay = 218
  A.5 Designation of soil texture classes = 218
  A.6 Practical significance of the three primary soil texture classes : sands, clays and loams = 222
  A.7 Assessment of topsoil condition in loamy soils = 224
 Appendix B Simple tests for Stewart zone materials = 227
  B.1 Stewart zone topsoil sand(uniform fine sand) = 227
  B.2 Stewart zone blinding sand = 227
  B.3 Stewart zone trench gravel = 228
 Appendix C Soil and sand amelioration = 229
  C.1 Soil amelioration with sand = 229
  C.2 Sand amelioration with soil and／or peat = 230
  C.3 Sand amelioration with lignite and／or seaweed meal = 231
  C.4 Mixing precautions when amelioration sand with shredde peat, milled seaweed or crushed lignite = 231
 Appendix D Gradients = 233
  D.1 Numerical definitions = 233
 Appendix E Drainage calculations = 235
  E.1 Theory = 235
  E.2 Practical calculations = 238
 Appendix F Grooming, verti-cutting, hollow-tine coring, and verti-draining as aids in fine-turf management for golf and bowls = 245
  F.1 Terminology = 245
  F.2 Mat development = 245
  F.3 Why bother anyway? = 246
  F.4 Measures to control thatch, additional to boxing off clippings = 247
  F.5 Remedial treatments = 248
  F.6 General hints on diagnosis and treatment = 249
 Appendix G Recording soil temperature = 251
  G.1 Procedure = 251
  G.2 Aids to interpretation = 253
References = 255
Index = 257