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Comparative Approaches to Cognitive Science consolidates a series of recent advances in cognitive science, describing a novel, animal-based, largely nonsymbolic approach to understanding basic mechanisms in adaptive intelligence. Scholars who are at the cutting edge of their disciplines clearly explain their concepts and techniques in twenty contributions that provide a balance of both theoretical and empirical approaches.

The essays are tied together by the idea that our understanding of cognition is likely to be enhanced by consideration of mechanisms and processes at its foundation--mechanisms that are shared by both human and nonhuman animals--and which may be implemented and tested in some simulated animals or built robots.

The themes described in the book include considerations of the perceptual and motor abilities of animals as the evolutionary and conceptual foundation of more complex abilities; modeling focused as much on connections and constraints as on language and symbols; an interest in simple adaptive processes in animals and robots as the basis for more complex forms of learning and adaptation; and a consideration of animals and robots as integrated and situated systems in contrast to the reductionist and environment-free frameworks often seen in standard cognitive science.

A part of the book considers the question of intentionality in animals--whether they "know they know," or have beliefs - and how that might implicate behavior. Other sections address how representation, communication, motivation, and emotion affect behavior.

Contributors:
C. Allen, M. Bekoff, M. A. Boden, W. T. Bourbon, G. Butterworth, P. W. Cheng, J. Delacour, D. C. Dennett, M. Dyer, C. S. Evans, N. Frijda, J. P. Halperin, K. J. Holyoak, P. Marler, D. MacFarland, B. W. Mel., J. A. Meyer, J. Neiworth, H. L. Roitblat, C. Thinus-Blanc, R. K. R. Thompson, F. Toates.

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CONTENTS

Preface = ⅸ

Introduction = 1

Ⅰ Introductory Issues = 11

 1 Comparative Approaches to Cognitive Science / Herbert L. Roitblat = 13

 2 The Animat Approach to Congnitive Science / Jean-Arcady Meyer = 45

 3 Creative Creatures / Margaret A. Boden = 45

Ⅱ Intentions and the Organization of Behavior = 67

 4 Animal Behavior in Four Components / Bartlett W. Mel = 69

 5 Intentionality : Natural and Artificial / Colin Allen = 93

 6 Do Animals Have Beliefs? / Daniel C. Dennett = 111

 7 Cognitive Ethology and the Explanation of Nonhuman Animal Behavior / Marc Bekoff = 119

 8 Perceptual Control Theory / W. Thomas Bourbon = 151

Ⅲ Representation = 173

 9 Natural and Relational Concepts in Animals / Roger K. R. Thompson = 175

 10 The Integration of Content with Context : Spatiotemporal Encoding and Episodic Memories in People and Animals / Julie J. Neiworth = 225

 11 Spatial Information Processing in Animals / Catherine Thinus-Blanc = 241

 12 Complex Adaptive Systems as Intuitive Statisticans : Causality, Contingency, and Prediction / Patricia W. Cheng ; Keith J. Holyoak = 271

Ⅳ Memory and Attention = 303

 13 A Model of the Brain and the Memory System / J. Delancour = 305

 14 Factors in Visual Attention Eliciting Manual Pointing in Human Infancy / George Butterworth = 329

Ⅴ Communication = 339

 15 Language and Animal Communication : Parallels and Contrasts / Christopher S. Evans ; Peter Marler = 341

 16 Toward the Acquisition of Language and the Evolution of Communication : A Synthetic Approach / Michael G. Dyer = 383

Ⅵ Motivation and Emotion = 413

 17 Opportunity versus Goals in Robots, Animals, and People / David McFarland = 415

 18 Animal Motivation and Cognition / Frederick Toates = 435

 19 Cognition and Emotion in Animals and Machines / J. R. P. Halperin = 465

 20 Emotions in Robots / Nico H. Frijda = 501

Contributors = 517

Author Index = 519

Subject Index = 531