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Ian Craib compellingly shows the value of studying classic thinkers such as Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Simmel alongside the more popular contemporary questions. Providing an account of the key ideas of classical social theory, Dr Craib establishes their relevance today, their enduring significance, and their contribution to understanding contemporary problems. Written in a direct, personal style, Classical Social Theory's thematic structure helps the reader compare the theorists systematically, and the book-by-book approach pays close attention to each thinker's key texts, quoting the most important passages and analyzing them in a clear, straightforward way. Other student-friendly features include: * biographical details and an elementary overview of the work of Marx, Weber, Durkheim, and Simmel * Dramatis Personae with brief details of the life and thought of other relevant thinkers * Glossary covering important terms and phrases used in the text Classical Social Theory is an indispensable guide to the key thinkers in Sociology for anyone new to the subject.

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CONTENTS

Chapter summaries = xv

List of boxes = xxv

 1. What's the point? = 1

  The purpose of the book = 1

  The structure of the book = 8

  How to think about the thinkers = 9

 2. The main characters and the main ideas = 11

  Introduction = 11

  Karl Marx(1818-1883) = 11

  Emile Durkheim(1858-1917) = 13

  Georg Simmel(1958-1918) = 15

  Max Weber(1864-1920) = 17

  The social and intellectual background = 19

  Further reading = 22

PART 1. WHAT IS SOCIETY AND HOW DO WE STUDY IT?

 Introduction to Part 1 = 23

 3. Durkheim : the discovery of social facts = 25

  Introduction = 25

  Durkheim's rules = 26

   Social facts and objectivity = 27

   The normal and the pathological = 29

   Sociological explanation = 29

  Suicide as a social fact = 30

  What can we take from Durkheim? = 31

  Further reading = 33

 4. Karl Marx : the primacy of production = 35

  Introduction = 35

  Marx's Method : the starting point = 36

  Further reading = 41

 5. Max Weber : the primacy of social action = 43

  Introduction = 43

  The proper object of sociology = 45

  Different types of meaningful action = 46

  Understanding social action = 48

  The ideal type = 50

  Values and value freedom = 51

  Further reading = 52

 6. Georg Simmel : society as form and process-the outsider's view = 53

  Introduction = 53

  Society and the social = 54

  The social forms = 56

  Further reading = 57

 Conclusion to Part 1 : the first basic dualism of social theory = 58

PART 2. CONCEPTIONS OF SOCIAL STRUCTURE

 Introduction to Part 2 = 61

 7. Durkheim : durnk and orderly = 63

  Introduction = 64

  Types of solidarity : The Division of Labour = 65

   Mechanical and organic solidarity = 65

   Abnormal forms of the division of labour = 68

  The sociology of religion and knowledge = 70

   The nature of religion = 70

   The arguments in Elementary Forms = 71

   The sociology of knowledge = 73

  The sociology of morality and education = 76

  The sociology of the law, state, and politics = 79

  Conclusion = 82

   Further reading = 85

 8. Was Marx a Marxist? = 86

  Introduction = 87

  Human powers 1 : the theory of alienation = 88

  Human powers 2 : commodity fetishism = 92

  Marxist economics : a brief and simple introduction = 93

  Social class = 96

   The peasantry = 97

   The bourgeoisie = 98

   The petty bourgeoisie = 99

   The proletariat = 99

   The lumpenporletariat = 100

   The continued significance of class = 101

  The State = 102

  Ideology = 105

   Introduction = 105

   Ideas as the expression of the life process = 108

   Ideology as alienation = 108

   The economic determinist conception of ideology = 109

   Ideology as illusion = 109

   Ideology as imagination = 110

   Ideology as the accurate perception of on elevel of reality = 110

   Representation as ideology = 111

   Conclusion = 112

  Marxism and the family = 112

  Conclusion = 115

   Further reading = 118

 9. The liberal Weber = 119

  Introduction = 120

  The fundamental concepts of sociology = 121

   Legitimacy = 121

   Conflict = 121

   Communal and associative relationships = 122

   Corporate groups = 122

  Weber's economic sociology = 123

  Class, status, and party = 128

   Class = 128

   Status = 130

   Party = 132

  Power, domination, and authority = 133

   Charismatic leadership = 133

   Traditional domination = 136

   Legal-rational domination = 138

  Conclusion = 142

   Further reading = 145

 10. Simmel : the social and the personal = 146

  Introduction = 147

  Society and the individual = 148

   Size matters = 150

  The Philosophy of Money = 151

   Value and exchange = 151

   Representations = 152

   Money as the extension of freedom and its psychological consequences = 153

   The growth of objective culture and the strcutre of subjectivity = 154

   Simmel's theory of alienation = 155

   Conclusion = 157

  Simmel's sociology = 157

   Simmel on Relationships = 158

    Faithfulness and gratitude = 158

    Sociability = 160

    Domination = 161

    The sociology of conflict = 162

    Secrecy and the secret society = 162

   Simmel on social types = 165

    The miser and the spendthrift = 165

    The adventurer = 166

    The stranger = 167

   Simmel on modernity = 169

    The metropolis = 169

    Fashion = 170

   Simmel on social groups = 172

    The poor = 172

    The nobility = 174

    Women, love, and sexuality = 174

   Conclusion = 177

    Further reading = 180

 Conclusion to Part 2 : the theorists contrasted = 182

PART 3. HISTORY AND SOCIAL CHANGE

 Introduction to Part 3 = 185

 11. Durkheim's organic analogy = 187

  Introduction = 188

  The organic analogy and Durkheim's theory of history = 188

   The division of labour = 188

   Social species = 192

   Durkheim's conservatism and Durkheim's socialism = 194

   Conclusion = 200

    Further reading = 203

 12. Marx and the meaning of history = 204

  Introduction = 205

  Historical laws and laws of history = 206

  Types of society / modes of production = 208

   Primitive communism = 208

   The Asiatic mode of production - oriental despotism = 210

   The Germnic mode of production = 211

   The ancient mode of production = 212

   Feudalism and the development of capitalism = 213

   Evolution from feudalism to capitalism? = 216

   The complexities of the class analysis of history = 217

  Theory and history = 218

   Theoretical and empirical distinctions = 218

   Contemporary notions of evolution = 219

  The dynamics of capitalism = 221

   The tendency of the rate of profit to fall = 221

   Changes at other levels : transformations of the crisis = 223

  Communism = 224

  Conclusion = 229

   Further reading = 231

 13. Weber as a tragic liberal : the rise of the West = 232

  Introduction = 233

  The sociology of religion = 233

  Chinese religion : Confucianism and Taosim = 238

  Indian religion : Hinduism and Buddhism = 241

  Palestine : ancient Judaism = 244

  The Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism = 248

   Introduction = 248

   The spirit of capitalism = 249

   The protestant ethic = 253

  Conclusion = 256

   Further reading = 260

 14. Simmel : countering an overdose of history? = 261

  Further reading = 264

 15. Conclusion : the framework of social theory = 265

Dramatis personae

 T. W. Adorno = 273

 Louis Althusser = 273

 Henri Bergson = 273

 Auguste Comte = 273

 Charles Darwin = 273

 Friedrich Engels = 273

 Ludwig Feuerbach = 274

 Michel Foucault = 274

 Sigmund Freud = 274

 Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel = 274

 Immanuel Kant = 274

 Soren Kierkegaard = 274

 Vladimir Ilyich Lenin = 274

 Georg Lukacs = 275

 Karl Mannheim = 275

 Herbert Marcuse = 275

 George Herbert Mead = 275

 Maurice Merleau-Ponty = 275

 Robert Michels = 275

 John Stuart Mill = 275

 Friedrich Nietzsche = 275

 Talcott Parsons = 276

 David Ricardo = 276

 Herbert Rickert = 276

 Claude-Henri de Rouvroy Saint-Simon = 276

 Jean-Paul Sartre = 276

 Adam Smith = 276

 Herbert Spencer = 276

 Ferdinand Tonnies = 276

 Leon Trotsky = 276

 Karl Wittfogel = 277

Glossary = 278

References = 283

Index = 293