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The study of plant development using molecular and genetic techniques is rapidly becoming one of the most active areas of research on flowering plants. Developmental Biology of Flowering Plants relates classical developmental work with the outstanding problems of the future in the study of plant development. An important feature of this book is the integration of results from molecular and genetic studies on various aspects of plant development in a cellular and physiological context.

The study of the development of flowering plants may be said to be in the throes of a revolution. The literature on the subject is extensive and continues to grow rapidly as new discoveries pile one on top of the other; moreover, these striking advances in our knowledge have put plant developmental biology well ahead of other aspects of the study of plants. This has come about after a period of neglect and stagnation in the field and has been triggered by the power of recombinant DNA technology to analyze genetic information and by a fruitful cross-fertilization between physiology, genetics, and molecular biology. Whereas considerations of developmental phenomena were at one time largely restricted to the structure and physiology of a wide selection of plants, recent molecular and genetic approaches are focused on one or two model systems. Notwithstanding the difficulty of having to relate developmental mechanisms in a few experimentally attractive models to the enormous range of plants, the use of model systems has gained wide accep­ tance. This book is intended to meet the need for a unified account of the general principles of development of flowering plants representing structural, physiolog­ ical, biochemical, genetic, and molecular perspectives. It arose out of the revision and upgrading of an undergraduate course in plant development that I have taught here at The Ohio State University for more than 20 years.

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1. Introduction to Plant Developmental Biology.- General References.- 1 Seed to Seedling.- 2. Seed Germination.- 1. Nucleic Acid Metabolism.- DNA Synthesis.- RNA and Protein Synthesis.- Long-Lived mRNA.- 2. Protein Metabolism.- Use of Stored mRNAs for Protein Synthesis.- Newly Synthesized mRNAs and Proteins.- 3. Mobilization of Stored Food Reserves.- Regulation of ?-Amylase Genes by Gibberellic Acid.- Final Phases of Endosperm Dissolution.- Interaction of Gibberellic Acid and Abscisic Acid.- 4. Summary and Conclusions.- Further Reading.- References.- 3. Seedling Growth.- 1. Tropisms.- Gravitropism.- Phototropism.- Thigmotropism.- 2. Photomorphogenesis of the Seedling.- Hypocotyl and Internode Growth.- Regulation of Photomorphogenesis.- 3. Hormonal Control of Seedling Growth.- Auxins.- Ethylene.- Gibberellins.- Cytokinins, Abscisic Acid, and Brassinosteroids.- Apical Dominance.- 4. Gene Expression During Seedling Growth.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- Further Reading.- References.- 2 Seedling to the Adult Plant.- 4. Growth and Differentiation of the Shoot.- 1. Organization of the Shoot Apex.- Cytological and Molecular Analysis of the Shoot Apical Meristem.- Autonomy of the Meristem.- 2. Regulation of Cell Fate in the Meristem.- 3. Tissue Differentiation in the Shoot.- Vascular Tissue Differentiation in the Shoot Apex.- Xylem Regeneration in Stem Internodes, Calluses, and Isolated Cells.- Phloem Differentiation.- 4. Summary and Conclusions.- Further Reading.- References.- 5. Leaf Growth and Differentiation.- 1. Leaf Determination and Development.- Determination of Leaf Primordia.- Postinitiation Development of Leaves.- 2. Evolution of Leaf Form.- Heteroblasty.- Heterophylly.- 3. Differentiation of Leaf Cells.- Epidermis.- Mesophyll.- 4. Senescence and Abscission of Leaves.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- Further Reading.- References.- 6. Root Growth and Development.- 1. The Root Apical Meristem.- Autonomy of the Root Apical Meristem.- Pattern Formation in the Root Meristem.- Cell Division, Cell Expansion, and Cell Elongation in the Root Meristem.- 2. Differentiation of the Root.- Vascular Tissue Differentiation.- Root Hair Formation.- Lateral Root Initiation.- 3. Regulation of Root Growth.- 4. Root-Microbe Interactions.- 5. Summary and Conclusions.- Further Reading.- References.- 3 Reproduction.- 7. Floral Evocation and Development of the Floral Meristem.- 1. Acquisition of the Competence to Flower.- Control of Floral Meristem Identity.- Floral Evocation in Differentiated Cells.- 2. Physiology of Floral Evocation.- Photoperiodic Control of Flowering.- Temperature Control of Flowering.- 3. Molecular Control of Floral Evocation.- Cellular Changes During Evocation.- Isolation of Genes Involved in Flowering.- 4. Summary and Conclusions.- Further Reading.- References.- 8. Formation of Floral Organs.- 1. Determination of Floral Organs.- Genetics of Floral Organ Determination.- Organ Determination in Unisexual Flowers.- Floral-Organ-Specific Polypeptides.- 2. Homeotic Mutants.- Manipulation of Floral Organ Differentiation in Arabidopsis.- Homeotic Mutations in Antirrhinum and Other Plants.- Cloning and Characterization of Floral-Organ-Identity Genes.- 3. Summary and Conclusions.- Further Reading.- References.- 9. Microsporogenesis and Formation of the Male Gametophyte.- 1. Anther Differentiation.- Tapetum.- Microsporogenesis.- 2. Pollen Development and Maturation.- The First Pollen Mitosis.- Gene Expression During Pollen Development.- Male Sterility and Pollen Abortion.- 3. Male Gametogenesis.- Division of the Generative Cell and Formation of the Male Germ Unit.- Pollen Germination.- Structure and Growth of the Pollen Tube.- 4. Summary and Conclusions.- Further Reading.- References.- 10. Megasporogenesis and Formation of the Embryo Sac.- 1. Ovule Determination and Development.- 2. Megasporogenesis.- 3. Organization of the Embryo Sac.- Structure of the Embryo Sac Cells.- Gene Function During Megagametogenesis.- 4. Summary and Conclusio

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