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When Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo harbor in July 1853, opening Japan to the West, a century and a half of economic, cultural, and occasionally violent clashes between Americans and Japanese began. Walter LaFeber, one of America's leading historians, has written the first book to tell the entire story behind the disagreements, tensions, and skirmishes between Japan -- a compact, homogenous, closely knit society terrified of disorder -- and America -- a sprawling, open-ended society that fears economic depression and continually seeks an international marketplace. Using both American and Japanese sources, LaFeber provides the history behind the vicissitudes of rearming Japan, the present-day tensions in U.S.-Japan trade talks, Japan's continuing importance in financing America's huge deficit, and both nations' drive to develop China -- a shadow that has darkened American-Japanese relations from the beginning. "Broad and deeply researched. . . . The Clash is beautifully written, with clear arguments and no irrelevancies."--Gaddis Smith, Boston Globe "[This] work will easily become the best history of U.S.-Japanese relations in any language."--Akira Iriye, professor of history, Harvard University "[LaFeber] succeeds brilliantly. . . . [W]ell-researched, meticulously sourced and highly readable."--Don Oberdorfer, Washington Post Book World

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CONTENTS

Preface = xvii

Ⅰ. Irresistible Force, Immovable Object = 3

 Two Peoples = 3

 First Encounters with a New West = 7

 The Appearance of the Americans = 9

 Harris's Triumphs, Ii's Assassination = 17

 The Americans and the Birth of Modern Japan = 23

Ⅱ. Joining the Club(1868-1900) = 32

 Two Systems = 32

 Two Systems, Two Imperialisms = 40

 Joining the Imperialists' Club : Ito, Gresham, and the "Pigtail War" = 45

 Clash Over Hawaii = 53

 Joining the Imperialists' Club : The "Splendid Little War" and a Not-So-Splendid War = 57

 When Americans and Japanese Were Friends = 62

Ⅲ. The Turn(1900-1912) = 65

 Power and the Boxers = 65

 Yamagata, Roosevelt, and the Russo-Japanese War = 73

 Manchuria : The First Clash = 84

 The Crisis in California - and Beyond = 87

 Manchuria : The Second Clash = 92

Ⅳ. Revolution, War, and Race(1912-1920) = 99

 An Old Europe, a New Asia = 99

 Yamagata, Wilson, and the "Frontier" of a Revolutionary China = 101

 California : "Another Race Problem" = 104

 The Two-Front War : 1914-1918 = 106

 Siberia : The Bitter Choice = 116

 Paris = 120

Ⅴ. Creating the New Era : From Washington to Mukden(1921-1931) = 128

 Hoover, Lamont, and the New Era = 128

 Treaties of Washington, Black Chambers of New York City = 132

 "The Tranquillizing Processes of Reason" : The 1924 Immigration Act = 144

 China Once Again = 146

 "They Still Need Us - and That Is Probably What Annoys Them" : 1929-1931 = 153

Ⅵ. The Slipknot : Part 1 From Mukden... = 160

 The 1930s as a Model for U.S.-Japan Relations = 160

 The Crises in Wall STreet and Manchuria = 161

 Takahashi, Hull, and the Race Between Trade and Politics Toward War = 174

 Wars and Actors = 182

Ⅶ. The Slipknot : Part 2... to Pearl Harbor = 186

 Tightening the Knot = 186

 The Co-Prosperity Sphere = 191

 The Attempt to Cut the Knot : Pearl Harbor = 197

Ⅷ. World War Ⅱ : The Clash Over Two Visions = 214

 Tenno versus the "Lawa of the Machine" = 214

 California Goes to War : The Relocation Camps, and Hollywood = 218

 The Failure of the Japanese Machine = 223

 "We Are Being Played for Suckers" : The Enemy Begins to Replace the Friend in U.S. Postwar Planning = 231

 Truman and the Destruction of the Yalta System = 239

 The "Double Shock" - and the End = 246

Ⅸ. To Create a New Japan : Reforming, Reversing, Warring(1945-1951) = 257

 "Give Me Bread or Give Me Bullets" = 257

 The First Occupation(1945-47) = 262

 The Second Occupation(1947-50) : The Americans = 270

 The Second Occupation(1947-50) : Japanese, Americans, and Chinese = 275

 Korea : The War for Japan - "A Gift of the Gods" = 283

Ⅹ. The 1950s : The Pivotal Decade = 296

 "Japan... Has a Unique Capacity for Good or Evil" = 296

 Deming, Dulles, and the Great Choice : China or Vietnam? = 301

 A New Cold War = 310

 The Explosion Over the Security Pact(1957-60) = 314

XI. A "Miracle" Appears; China Reappears(1960-1973) = 325

 The "Miracle" of Ikeda - and Other "Merchants of Transistors" = 325

 Kennedy, Ikeda, and the Illusion of "Equal Partnership" = 332

 Johnson, Sato, and Vietnam = 338

 Nixon and Sato - or "Trading with the Enemy" = 348

 The Nixon Shocks = 352

XII. The End of an Era(Since 1973) = 359

 The Watershed of the Cold War Era = 359

 Needed : American Bodies, Not American Banks - Or, Japan as Number One = 363

 The 1980s From "Ron-Yasu"... = 370

 ... to Two Competing Capitalisms... = 373

 ... to "Relations Have Not Been So Low Since 1960" = 379

 "The Cold War Is Over, the Japanese Won" = 381

 The Gulf War : A Case Study of the Clash = 385

 The 1990s : "American Policy in Asia Begins with Japan" = 389

CONCLUSION. The Clash : The Present in Retrospect = 396

Notes = 407

Bibliography = 461

Acknowledgments = 481

Index = 485