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This book is designed to serve as a practical guide for students and others wishing to improve their skills in the detailed analysis and discussion of Hardy's prose texts. Its aim is to sharpen readers' awareness of the complexity and subtlety of Hardy's art by encouraging responsiveness to such aspects as language and style, imagery and symbol, descriptive and dramatic method and narrative technique. At the same time extracts are considered not in isolation but in relation to the overall purposes of a highly-organised text.

While the main focus is on four of Hardy's most-widely read novels, the twenty-four examples of close analysis cover six major themes that are relevant to all his fiction. There are also numerous references to his other writings in prose and verse. The second part of the book provides, in succinct form, essential background material, including an outline of Hardy's life and career and an account of the literary, historical and intellectual contexts of his fiction. As well as a guide to further reading, a chapter is devoted to samples of criticism illustrating a range of approaches to the chosen texts and representing the work of important critics past and present.

A detailed and practical guide to the analysis of Thomas Hardy's technique and style through close consideration of extracts from four major novels: Far from the Madding Crowd, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Tess of the d'Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure. These works are also placed in the context of Hardy's life and career, and of Victorian traditions of fiction. A final chapter identifies and illustrates important aspects of their critical history.

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CONTENTS
General Editor's Preface = ⅷ
PART 1 : THE NOVELS
 Introduction = 3
 1 Writer and Reader = 4
  Introduction = 4
  The Mayor of Casterbridge and the Voice of the Hardyan Narrator = 6
  Jude the Obscure : Dramatic Method = 11
  Tess of the d'Urbervilles : the Narrative of Indirection = 16
  Far from the Madding Crowd and Psychological Analysis = 21
  Conclusions = 27
  Methods of Analysis = 28
  Suggestions for Further Work = 29
 2 Beginnings and Endings = 30
  Introduction = 30
  The Mayor of Casterbridge : a Family without a Name = 32
  Far from the Madding Crowd : a 'rural painting' = 40
  Jude the Obscure : the Uses of Realism = 45
  Tess of the d'Urbervilles : the Case of the Disappearing Heroine = 51
  Conclusions = 56
  Methods of Analysis = 57
  Suggestions for Further Work = 57
 3 Nature and Humanity = 59
  Introduction = 59
  Tess of the d'Urbervilles : 'impregnated by their surroundings' = 60
  Jude the Obscure : Landscape and Alienation = 65
  Far from the Madding Crowd : Nature's Violence = 71
  The Mayor of Casterbridge : the Uncertainty of Harvests = 74
  Conclusions = 79
  Methods of Analysis = 82
  Suggestions for Further Work = 83
 4 Individuals and Communities = 84
  Introduction = 84
  Far from the Madding Crowd : 'in harmony' = 85
  Tess of the d'Urbervilles : the 'club-walking' = 91
  Jude the Obscure : the Outsider = 96
  The Mayor of Casterbridge : Communal Punishment = 100
  Conclusions = 105
  Methods of Analysis = 106
  Suggestions for Further Work = 107
 5 Tradition and Change = 108
  Introduction = 108
  Tess of the d'Urbervilles : the Two Worlds of Country and City = 108
  Jude the Obscure : Change in the Village = 113
  The Mayor of Casterbridge : the Mechanization of Farming = 117
  Far from the Madding Crowd : the Woman Farmer = 122
  Conclusions = 127
  Methods of Analysis = 127
  Suggestions for Further Work = 128
 6 Men and Women = 130
  Introduction = 130
  Far from the Madding Crowd : a Symbolic Seduction = 131
  Jude the Obscure : Male Innocence and Female Designs = 136
  The Mayor of Casterbridge : Love and Rivalry = 142
  Tess of the d'Urbervilles : Ideal and Reality in Love = 147
  Conclusions = 153
  Methods of Analysis = 156
  Suggestions for Further Work = 156
PART 2 : THE CONTEXT
 7 Hardy's Life and Work = 161
 8 The Context of Hardy's Fiction = 174
 9 Samples of Criticism = 183
  Michael Millgate, Thomas Hardy : His Career as a Novelist(1971) = 183
  Arnold Kettle, 'Tess of the d'Urbervilles'(1951) = 185
  Rosemarie Morgan, Cancelled Words : Rediscovering Thomas Hardy(1992) = 188
  Elaine Showalter, 'The Unmanning of the Mayor of Casterbridge'(1979) = 190
  Richard Dellamora, Masculine Desire : The Sexual Politics of Victorian Aestheticism(1990) = 192
 10 Guide to Further Reading = 194
  Autobiography and Biography = 194
  Reference = 195
  Criticism : General = 195
  Criticism : Specific Texts = 196
Index = 198