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One of the main problems and aims of nature conservation in Europe is to protect semi-open landscapes. The development during the past decades is characterized by an ongoing intensivation of land use on the one hand, and an increasing number of former meadows and pastures lying fallow caused by changing economic conditions on the other hand. In several countries the estabishment of larger "pasture landscapes" with a mixed character of open grassland combined with shrubs and forests has been recognized as one solution to this problem. The book gives an overview of the European projects concerning to this topic - nature conservation policy and strategies, scientific results and practical experiences creating large scale grazing systems.

One of the main problems and aims of nature conservation in Europe is to protect semi-open landscapes. The development during the past decades is characterized by an ongoing intensivation of land use on the one hand, and an increasing number of former meadows and pastures lying fallow caused by changing economic conditions on the other hand. In several countries the estabishment of larger "pasture landscapes" with a mixed character of open grassland combined with shrubs and forests has been recognized as one solution to this problem. The book gives an overview of the European projects concerning to this topic - nature conservation policy and strategies, scientific results and practical experiences creating large scale grazing systems.

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I. Introduction.- Pasture Landscapes and Nature Conservation - New strategies for preservation of open landscapes in Europe.- Nature conservation in pastoral landscapes: Challenges, chances and constraints.- II. Grazing as a phenomenon in Europe.- Nature conservation and pastoralism in Wallony.- Stipa austroitalica garigues and mountain pastureland in the Pollino National Park (Calabria, Southern Italy).- Landscapes of northern Spain and pastoral systems.- Nature conservation aspects of pastoral farming in Georgia.- Grazing systems and their influence on biodiversity in the region of the Dnister river.- Managing wood pasture landscapes in England; the New Forest and other more recent examples.- The role of invisible biodiversity in pasture landscapes.- III. Grazing as a Nature Conservation strategy.- Pasture landscapes in Germany - progress towards sustainable use of agricultural land.- Maintaining biodiversity and open landscapes by grazing in the County of South Jutland, Denmark.- Nature development along the river Scheldt: Combining ecosystem functions in the Kruibeke-Bazel-Rumpelmonde polder.- The Border Meuse Nature Development Project.- The Lake Pape: Grazing of coastal grasslands. WWF Latvia project.- Galloway-based grazing systems in Schleswig-Holstein (Germany) - projects run by BUNDE WISCHEN e. V. association.- Low intensity pig pastures as an alternative approach for habitat management.- The Eidertal pasture landscape - Mire restoration and species conservation in a river valley of Schleswig-Holstein (northwest Germany).- Inland Sand Ecosystems: Dynamics and restitution as a consequence of the use of different grazing systems.- Management concepts for abondoned xerothermic slopes in the middle Rhine Valley: A case study in the sustainable development of cultural landscapes.- Examples of the maintenance and restoration of wood pasture sites in the UK and the potential for creation.- Grasslands and scrublands in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula: Silvopastoral systemy and nature conservation.- Landscape development and species protection in woodlands, forests and pastures using large herbivores.- The Large Herbivore Initiative: An Eurasian conservation and restoration programme for a key-species group in ecosystems (Europe, Russia, Central-Asia and Mongolia).- Urbanized man and the longing for a New Wilderness.- The significance of EU agricultural policy on the nature conservation of pastoral farmland.- IV. Grazing and habitat dynamics - results of scientific research.- Methods for the investigation of patterns and processes in large-scale grazing systems.- Effects of large-scale cattle grazing on Orthoptrea (Saltatoria et Mantodea) on pastures in Georgia (Caucasus).- Does large-scale, multi-species pasturing maintain high biodiversity with rare and endangered species? - The Sava floodplain case study.- Large-scale grazing systems by herdsmen and their impact on landscape patterns and biodiversity in western Ukraine’s Carpathians.- Co-operative grazing systems (“Allmende”): An alternative concept for the management of endangered open and semi-open landscapes.- MOSAIK: Semi-open pasture and ley - a research project on keeping the culural landscape open.- Natural succession in a dynamic riverine landscape and the protection of open areas.- V. Outlook.- Significance of pasture landscapes for nature conservation and extensive agriculture.

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