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Using a rigorous, technical approach, it is written by a leader in the field who has developed his own object-oriented design techniques. Covers object-oriented design of software from requirements analysis to design, principles that can be applied for all types of software ranging from large to extremely complex to real time systems. The methods discussed can be used with either object-oriented or object-based language. Contains a copious amount of practical examples.

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CONTENTS
Preface = xiii
1 Introduction = 1
 1.1 Why We Need Software Engineering = 1
 1.2 Why We Need a New Paradigm and Methods = 2
 1.3 Why We Need Object-Oriented Development = 4
 1.4 An Illustration of the Basic Concepts, Using Baseball = 5
 1.5 Chapter References = 9
2 Fundamental Concepts = 11
 2.1 Software Development = 11
  2.1.1 Traditional Development = 11
  2.1.2 Object-Oriented Development = 12
  2.1.3 Software Domain Analysis = 14
  2.1.4 Application Development = 15
 2.2 Iteration and Recursion = 16
  2.2.1 Iteration = 16
  2.2.2 Recursion = 17
 2.3 Software Engineering Goals and Principles = 19
  2.3.1 Abstraction = 20
  2.3.2 Encapsulation = 22
  2.3.3 Completeness, Confirmability, Independence, and Uniformity = 24
  2.3.4 Concurrency and Real-Time = 27
 2.4 Entities = 29
  2.4.1 Objects = 29
  2.4.2 Classes = 40
  2.4.3 Subassemblies = 45
  2.4.4 Assemblies = 56
  2.4.5 Frameworks = 58
 2.5 Resources = 61
  2.5.1 Attributes and Attribute Types = 62
  2.5.2 Messages = 63
  2.5.3 Operations = 68
  2.5.4 Exceptions = 73
 2.6 Relationships = 74
  2.6.1 Associations = 76
  2.6.2 Message Passing = 78
  2.6.3 Inheritance = 80
  2.6.4 Polymorphism and Overloading = 90
  2.6.5 Parameterization and Generics = 91
  2.6.6 Aggregation = 92
 2.7 Structure of Software Specifications and Designs = 95
  2.7.1 Structure of Functional Software = 95
  2.7.2 Structures of Object-Oriented Software = 96
 2.8 Chapter References = 99
3 Object-Oriented Models = 103
 3.1 The Chapter Example = 105
 3.2 The Assembly Model = 107
  3.2.1 Purpose and Description of the Assembly = 108
  3.2.2 Context Diagrams (CDs) = 108
  3.2.3 Assembly Diagrams (ADs) = 109
  3.2.4 Specification and Body of the Assembly = 111
  3.2.5 Purpose and Description of Each Subassembly = 114
 3.3 The Object Model = 114
  3.3.1 List of Subassembly Objects = 116
  3.3.2 General Semantic Nets (GSNs) = 117
  3.3.3 Initial Specification and Body of the Subassembly = 120
  3.3.4 Interaction Diagrams (IDs) = 123
  3.3.5 Composition Diagrams (CMDs) = 129
  3.3.6 Description of the Objects = 129
  3.3.7 Specifications and Initial Bodies of the Objects = 131
  3.3.8 Description of the Attribute Types and Attributes of the Objects = 133
  3.3.9 Description of the Messages = 134
  3.3.10 Description of the Operations = 135
  3.3.11 Description of the Exceptions = 135
 3.4 The Class Model = 135
  3.4.1 List of Subassembly Classes = 136
  3.4.2 Classification Diagrams (CLDs) = 137
  3.4.3 Description of the Classes = 140
  3.4.4 Updated Specification and Body of the Subassembly = 142
  3.4.5 Specifications and Bodies of the Classes = 143
 3.5 The State Model = 146
  3.5.1 State Transition Diagrams (STDs) = 146
  3.5.2 Description of the States = 147
  3.5.3 State Operation Tables (SOTs) = 148
 3.6 The Control Model = 151
  3.6.1 Control Flow Diagrams (CFDs) = 152
  3.6.2 Updated Bodies of the Objects and Classes = 155
  3.6.3 Specification and Body of Each Operation = 155
 3.7 The Timing Model = 162
  3.7.1 Timing Diagrams (TDs) = 163
  3.7.2 Annotated IDs, STDs, and CFDs = 163
  3.7.3 Timed Message Lists = 167
 3.8 Chapter References = 167
4 Identification of Objects, Classes, and Subassemblies = 169
 4.1 Identification of Objects and Classes = 169
  4.1.1 Recommended Approaches = 172
  4.1.2 Traditional Approaches = 183
  4.1.3 Miscellaneous Approaches = 200
  4.1.4 Recommendations = 213
 4.2 Identification of Subassemblies = 215
  4.2.1 Using Recursion = 216
  4.2.2 Using Cohesion and Coupling = 217
  4.2.3 Using Masters = 218
  4.2.4 Using Object Decomposition = 221
  4.2.5 Using Classification Hierarchies = 223
  4.2.6 Using Requirements = 224
  4.2.7 Using Personal Experience = 226
  4.2.8 Using Object-Oriented Domain Analysis = 226
  4.2.9 Using Repositories of Previously Developed Software = 226
  4.2.10 Recommendations = 227
 4.3 Chapter References = 228
5 The ASTS Development Method 3 = 231
 5.1 Perform the Initial Planning = 234
  5.1.1 Determine the Overall Development Process = 234
  5.1.2 Tailor ADM3 = 236
  5.1.3 Tailor the Software Standards and Procedures = 236
  5.1.4 Develop the Training Plan = 236
  5.1.5 Develop the Risk-Management Plan (RMP) = 237
  5.1.6 Develop the Software Development Plan (SDP) = 237
 5.2 Perform Project-Specific Domain Analysis = 238
  5.2.1 Staff the Domain-Analysis Team = 238
  5.2.2 Attend the Initial Classroom Training = 238
  5.2.3 Perform Project-Specific Object-Oriented Domain Analysis (OODA) = 239
  5.2.4 Identify the Assemblies = 239
  5.2.5 Develop the Build Plan = 239
  5.2.6 Determine and Schedule the Formal Reviews = 239
  5.2.7 Update the SDP = 240
 5.3 Prepare for Globally Recursive Development = 240
  5.3.1 Staff the Assembly-Development Teams = 240
  5.3.2 Attend the Initial Classroom Training = 240
  5.3.3 Develop the Assembly Context Diagram and Timed Event List = 240
  5.3.4 Identify the Initial Subassemblies = 245
  5.3.5 Perform Any Initial Locally Recursive Requirements Analysis = 246
  5.3.6 Perform Any Initial Rapid Prototyping = 246
 5.4 Perform Globally Recursive Development = 247
  5.4.1 Object-Oriented Requirements Analysis and Logical Design (OORALD) = 248
  5.4.2 Implementation Design = 300
  5.4.3 Programming and Unit Testing = 313
  5.4.4 Subassembly Integration and Testing = 314
  5.4.5 Assembly Integration and Integration Testing = 316
  5.4.6 Perform on-the-Job Training (OJT) = 316
  5.4.7 Perform Any Additional Rapid Prototyping = 316
  5.4.8 Hold the Formal In-Process Reviews (IPRs) = 320
 5.5 Complete Each Build = 320
 5.6 Chapter References = 320
6 Object-Oriented Specification and Design Language = 323
 6.1 Reserved Words = 327
 6.2 Assemblies = 328
 6.3 Subassemblies = 330
 6.4 Objects and Classes = 333
  6.4.1 0bjects = 333
  6.4.2 Classes = 337
 6.5 Relationships = 342
  6.5.1 Generics = 342
  6.5.2 Needs = 343
  6.5.3 Parents = 343
  6.5.4 Superclasses = 344
 6.6 Resources = 344
  6.6.1 Attribute Types = 344
  6.6.2 Attributes = 347
  6.6.3 Messages = 348
  6.6.4 0perations = 349
  6.6.5 Exceptions = 354
 6.7 Statements = 355
  6.7.1 Sequences of Stratements = 355
  6.7.2 Assignment Statements = 356
  6.7.3 Case Statements = 357
  6.7.4 Construct Statements = 358
  6.7.5 Destruct Statements = 358
  6.7.6 If Statements = 358
  6.1.7 Interrupt Statements = 359
  6.7.8 Loop Statements = 359
  6.7.9 Message Statements = 360
  6.7.10 Null Statements = 360
  6.7.11 Raise Statements = 361
  6.7.12 Receive Statements = 361
  6.7.13 Renames Statements = 361
  6.7.14 Return Statements = 361
  6.7.15 Select Statements = 362
  5.7.16 Terminate Statements = 362
  6.7.17 TO_Be_Determined (TED) Statements = 362
 6.8 Assertions = 363
  6.8.1 Invariants = 363
  6.8.2 Preconditions = 363
  6.8.3 Postconditions = 364
 6.9 Expressions = 364
 6.10 Va1ues = 366
 6.11 Identifiers = 367
 6.12 Chapter References = 368
7 Documenting Object-Oriented Requirements Specifications and Logical Designs = 369
 7.1 General Considerations = 369
 7.2 Documentation Guidelines = 370
 7.3 Documentation Content and Format = 371
 7.4 The Digital Thermostat System Requirements = 380
 7.5 Exmmple Documentation = 381
  7.5.1 Example Assembly Documentation = 381
  7.5.2 Example Subassembly Documentation = 382
  7.5.3 Example Class Documentation = 384
  7.5.4 Example Object Documentation = 389
  7.5.5 Example Documentation of Resourccs = 395
  7.5.6 Example Aggregation Hierarchy Documentation = 402
  7.5.7 Example Classification Hierarchy Documentation = 402
  7.5.8 Example Major Scenario Documentation = 402
 7.6 Chapter References = 402
8 Automative Dashboard Application = 403
 8.1 Overview = 403
 8.2 Subassembly CRUISE_CONTROL = 404
  8.2.1 Object THE_ACCELERATION_BUTTON = 407
  8.2.2 Object THE_BRAKE_SENSOR = 411
  8.2.3 Object THE_COAST_BUTTON = 414
  8.2.4 Object THE_CRUISE_CONTROL = 414
  8.2.5 Object THE_GAS_PEDAL_SENSOR = 421
  8.2.6 Object THE_ON_OFF_SWITCH = 421
  8.2.7 Object THE_THROTTLE_ACTUATOR = 422
 8.3 Subassembly GAUGES = 425
  8.3.1 Object THE_ENGINE_ROTATION_SENSOR = 426
  8.3.2 Object THE_ENGINE_TEMPERATURE_GAUGE = 429
  8.3.3 Object THE_ENGINE_TEMPERATURE_SENSOR = 433
  8.3.4 Object THE_FUEL_GAVGE = 434
  8.3.5 Object THE_FUEL_SENSOR = 434
  8.3.6 Object THE_OIL_GAVGE = 434
  8.3.7 Object THE_OIL_PRESSURE_SENSOR = 434
  8.3.8 Object THE_TACHOMETER = 434
 8.4 Subassembly SPEEDOMETER = 436
  8.4.1 Object THE_MODE = 437
  8.4.2 Object THE_MODE_BUTTON = 443
  8.4.3 Object THE_0D0METER = 444
  8.4.4 Object THE_ODOMETER_TRIP_RESET_BUTTON = 447
  8.4.5 Object THE_SPEEDOMETER = 447
  8.4.6 Object THE_WHEEL_ROTATION_SENSOR = 450
9 Development Cycles and Major Reviews = 453
 9.1 Software Development Cycles = 453
 9.2 Conforming to the Waterfall Development Cycle = 463
 9.3 Major Reviews = 467
 9.4 Chapter References = 476
Appendix A Abbreviations = 477
Appendix B Glossary = 481
Appendix References = 489
Appendix C Syntax and Semantics of the Diagrams = 491
 C.1 The ASTS Diagramming Language (ADL) = 491
 C.2 Systems Diagrams = 494
  C.2.1 System Semantic Nets (SSNs) = 494
  C.2.2 System Interaction Diagrams (SIDs) = 498
  C.2.3 System Composition Diagrams (SCMDs) = 501
  C.2.4 System State Transition Diagrams (SSTDs) = 505
  C.2.5 System Event Timing Diagrams (SETDs) = 508
 C.3 Software Diagrams = 510
  C.3.1 Context Diagrams (CDs) = 510
  C.3.2 Assembly Diagrams (ADs) = 512
  C.3.3 General Semantic Nets (GSNs) = 514
  C.3.4 Interaction Diagrams (IDs) = 517
  C.3.5 Composition Diagrams (CMDs) = 520
  C.3.6 Classification Diagrams (CLDs) = 522
  C.3.7 State Transition Diagrams (STDs) = 524
  C.3.8 Control Flow Diagrams (CFDs) = 527
  C.3.9 Timing Diagrams (TDs) = 532
  C.3.10 Module Diagrams (MDs) = 533
Appendix D Conferences and Publications = 537
 D.1 Conferences = 537
 D.2 Publications = 539
Appendix E DOD-STD-2167A Documentation Guidelines = 541
 E.1 Introduction = 541
 E.2 Military Expectations and Requirements = 541
 E.3 Object-Oriented Development (OOD) = 543
 E.4 Actual and Perceived Inconsistencies = 544
 E.5 General Recommendations = 545
 E.6 Specific Recommendations = 546
  E.6.1 DOD-STD-2167A = 546
  E.6.2 Sortware Development Files (SDFs) = 547
  E.6.3 Software Development Plan (SDP) = 547
  E.6.4 Software Requirements Specification (SRS) = 555
  E.6.5 Software Design Document (SDD) = 559
 E.7 Conclusion = 560
 E.8 Appendix References = 560
 E.9 General Bibliography of Related Documents = 561
Index = 563