상세정보

When NAFTA became a political reality, environmentalists reacted. They argued, among other things, that commercial competition would weaken environmental standards in all three countries, and that industrial growth in Mexico would further damage its weak environmental infrastructure. The demands for action against current and potential abuses posed a serious obstacle to the completion of NAFTA negotiations. A side accord-the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC)-helped alleviate some of these concerns. But in the aftermath of NAFTA's economic success, poor living conditions persist in most of Mexico. Many environmental groups blame NAFTA and, drawing on its experience, now oppose new trade initiatives. Does the NAFTA record on the environment since 1994 justify its criticism? Seven years is too short to redress decades of environmental abuse, but it is not too soon to assess NAFTA's achievements and shortcomings in meeting its environmental objectives. In this analysis, the authors review (1) the environmental provisions of the NAFTA; (2) the NAAEC; (3) the situation at the US-Mexican border; and (4) the trends in North American environmental policy. They emphasize that the environmental problems of North America were not the result of NAFTA nor was the NAAEC devised to address all of them. But with its huge success in expanding free trade, NAFTA has concentrated population and environmental abuse at the US Mexico border-where it is most visible to Americans.

정보제공 :

CONTENTS

1 Introduction and Summary = 1

2 The NAFTA's Environmental Provisions = 5

 Preamble and Chapter 1 = 5

 Chapters 7B and 9 = 6

 Chapter 11 = 8

3 The North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation = 17

 Environnmental Side Agreement Provisions = 18

 Commission for Environmental Cooperation = 20

4 The US-Mexico Border = 39

 Integrated Environmental Plan for the Border Region = 42

 Border Environmental Cooperation Commission = 43

 North American Development Bank = 44

5 Environmental Policy Trends in North America = 49

 US and Canadian Environmental Standards = 50

 Environmental Policy in Mexico = 51

 Environmental Policy Convergence in North America = 54

6 Conclusjon and Recommendations = 55

References = 63

Index = 65

Tables

 Table 2.1 Chapter 11 disputes under NAFTA, 1994-99 = 10

 Table 3.1 Commission for Environmental Cooperation project budget, 1996-98 = 23

 Table 3.2 Commission for Environmental Cooperation Article 14 submissions on enforcement matters, 1994-99 = 28

 Table 3.3 NAFEC grants awarded,. 1996-98 = 35

 Table 4.1 US Environmental Protection Agency infrastructure funding；1995-99 = 45

 Table 5.1 Environmental budgets in Canada, Mexico and the United States, 1994-99 = 50

Box

 Box 3.1 North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation Part Ⅴ dispute resolution timeline and procedures = 19