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Globalization has been contested in recent times. Among the critical perspectives is cosmopolitanism. Yet, with the exception of normative theory, international relations as a field has ignored cosmopolitan thinking. This book redresses this gap and develops a dialogue between cosmopolitanism and international relations. The dialogue is structured around three debates between non-universalist theories of international relations and contemporary cosmopolitan thought.

The theories chosen are realism, (post-)Marxism and postmodernism. All three criticize liberalism in the international domain, and, therefore, cosmopolitanism as an offshoot of liberalism. In the light of each school's respective critique of universalism, the book suggests both the importance and difficulty of the cosmopolitan perspective in the contemporary world. Beardsworth emphasizes the need for global leadership at nation-state level, re-embedding of the world economy, a cosmopolitan politics of the lesser violence, and cosmopolitan political judgement. He also suggests research agendas to situate further contemporary cosmopolitanism in international relations theory.

This book will appeal to all students of political theory and international relations, especially those who are seeking more articulation of the main issues between cosmopolitanism and its critics in international relations.

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Acknowledgements viii
 
Introduction 1
 
1 The Spectrum of Cosmopolitanism 16
 
1 The Historical Background to the Cosmopolitan Disposition 17
 
2 The Cosmopolitan Spectrum 21
 
2.1 Cultural cosmopolitanism 21
 
2.2 Moral cosmopolitanism 23
 
2.3 Normative cosmopolitanism 29
 
2.4 Institutional cosmopolitanism 34
 
2.5 Legal cosmopolitanism 36
 
2.6 Political cosmopolitanism 40
 
3 Conclusion 46
 
2 The Realist Critique of Cosmopolitanism 48
 
1 The Major Tenets of Realism 49
 
2 Critique of Cosmopolitanism 56
 
2.1 The Realist approach to international law 56
 
2.2 Cosmopolitan ‘domination’ 63
 
2.3 Humanitarian intervention and political moralism 66
 
2.4 Towards a prudent politics of limits 70
 
3 Conclusion 73
 
3 A Cosmopolitan Response to Realism 75
 
1 The Status of the Normative in Conditions of Interdependence 76
 
2 Power, Interest and Legitimacy: A Cosmopolitan Perspective 81
 
3 Category Errors: Domestic Analogy, ‘Legalistic-Moralistic’ Fallacy and Anarchy 90
 
4 Humanitarian Intervention: Towards a Cosmopolitan Realism 97
 
5 From the Principle of Sovereignty to the Principle of Subsidiarity 104
 
6 Conclusion 108
 
4 The Marxist Critique of Cosmopolitanism 111
 
1 The Major Tenets of Marxism 114
 
2 From Embedded Liberalism to Neo-liberalism 122
 
3 The Marxist Critique of Cosmopolitanism 128
 
3.1 Cosmopolitan lack of economic analysis and complicity with global liberal governance 130
 
3.2 Deep reasons for global inequality: beyond cosmopolitan surface 134
 
3.3 The cosmopolitan substitution of ethics for politics 137
 
3.4 Nation-state particularity contra cosmopolitan universality: the Marxist response to globalization 138
 
4 Conclusion 139
 
5 A Cosmopolitan Response to Marxism 141
 
1 Cosmopolitan Reformism 144
 
1.1 Cosmopolitanism and the capitalist system 144
 
1.2 Cosmopolitan refl ection on the market and regulation 146
 
2 'Global Social Democracy': What Can This Concept Mean? Re-embedded Liberalism 153
 
3 The Cosmopolitan Logic of Re-embedded Liberalism 159
 
4 Global Energy Futures: Economic Dilemma and State Leadership 162
 
5 Conclusion 169
 
6 The Postmodern Critique of Cosmopolitanism 172
 
1 Postmodernism, Modernity and IR 173
 
2 Foucault and Agamben: The Biopolitical Fate of Liberal Governmentality 176
 
3 The Illiberal Practices of Global Liberal Governance 182
 
3.1 The politics of security 182
 
3.2 The liberal way of war 183
 
3.3 Depoliticization of the victim 187
 
4 Jacques Derrida: Law, Democracy-to-come and Ethico-political Responsibility 189
 
5 Conclusion 197
 
7 A Cosmopolitan Response to Postmodernism 199
 
1 The Logic of Liberal Law I: What Is Liberal Law? 200
 
2 The Logic of Liberal Law II: Cosmopolitan Response to Postmodern Refl ection on Law 204
 
3 A Politics of the Lesser Violence: Cosmopolitan Response to Illiberal Liberalism 210
 
4 Political Judgement and Risk: A Cosmopolitan Response to Derrida and his IR Legacy 218
 
5 Conclusion 224
 
Conclusion: Idealism and Realism Today 227
 
Notes 238
 
References 244
 
Index 264

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