Intro -- SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND FRIENDSHIPS: PERCEPTIONS, INFLUENCES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS -- SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND FRIENDSHIPS: PERCEPTIONS, INFLUENCES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS -- Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1: Impacts of Friendship on Cognitive Engagement for School-Age Pupils: An EEG Examination -- Abstract -- Introduction -- What Is Friendship? From Philosophical to Cognitive Approach -- Theoretical and Methodological Misinterpretation and Confusion -- Measuring Cognitive Engagement in Children -- Exploratory Study -- Participants -- Material and Procedure -- Assessment of Friendship -- Information Search Task -- Procedure -- Indicators -- Main Results -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 2: Social Relationships, Interactions and Behaviour: The Impact of Nursery Education on Two Year Old Children -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Context of Study -- Home Learning Support -- Family Support -- Research Design -- The Settings -- Instruments -- Qualitative Sources -- Manager Interviews -- Parent Interviews -- Environmental Field Notes -- Child Observations -- Quantitative Sources -- The Adaptive Social Behaviour Inventory -- ITERS-R and ECERS-R Scores -- The Emergence of Social Relationships, Interactions and Behaviour -- Interactions and Relationships with Others -- Relationships with Adults -- Relationships with Other Children -- Opportunities for Interaction -- Verbal Interactions -- Non-Verbal Interactions -- Routines -- Types of Activity -- Observed and Reported Individual Child Activity -- Perceptions of Group Activity -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: The Residential Fieldtrip Experience: An Example of the Impact of Outdoor Learning on Social Relationships -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Outdoor Learning -- Ethnography -- The Fieldtrip -- Alterations to Social Relationships -- Increased Numbers of Friendships -- The Consolidation of Existing Friendships -- Improvements in Motivation, Co-Operation and Confidence -- Increased Whole Group Cohesion and the Emergence of Community Sentiment -- Longer Term Impacts Beyond the Trip -- Factors Contributing to Changing Social Relationships -- The Exclusion of External Influences -- The Promotion of Common Agendas -- Feelings of Shared Adversity -- Strategic Teacher Interventions -- Communal Living -- Exceptions -- Conclusion -- Strategies and Suggestions for Trip Leaders -- References -- Chapter 4: The Personal Communities of Older Widows: Social Relations, Personal Agency and Flexibility in Later Life -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review -- The Transition of Later Life Widowhood -- Older Widows and Social Support -- Categorising Social Relationships -- Exploring Relationships Through Social Ritual -- The Longitudinal Study -- Family, Intergenerational Ties and Tradition -- Friendships, Organisational Ties and Reciprocity -- Personal Continuity and Activation -- Christmas as a Catalyst for Change -- We Are all Widows -- Negotiating Change with Others -- Discussion and Conclusion -- The Constancy of Key Members -- Developing Personal Relationships -- The Challenges Encountered -- References -- Chapter 5: Self-Concepts and Reputations of Hispanic Adolescent Graffiti Writers -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Theoretical Background -- Method -- Results -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Analogical Reasoning in Two Domains: The Influence of Verbal Reasoning -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Method -- Participants -- Measures/Materials -- Procedure -- Results -- Descriptive Statistics -- Social and Non-social Reasoning -- Predictors -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Index -- .
