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In The Second World, scholar Parag Khanna, chosen as one of Esquire’s 75 Most Influential People of the Twenty-First Century, reveals how America’s future depends on its ability to compete with the European Union and China to forge relationships with the Second World, the pivotal regions of Eastern Europe, Central Asia, South America, the Middle East, and East Asia that are growing in influence and economic strength.

Informed, witty, and armed with a traveler’s intuition for blending into diverse cultures, Khanna depicts second-world societies from the inside out, observing how globalization divides them into winners and losers–and shows how China, Europe, and America use their unique imperial gravities to pull the second-world countries into their orbits. Along the way, Khanna explains how Arabism and Islamism compete for the Arab soul, reveals how Iran and Saudi Arabia play the superpowers against one another, unmasks Singapore’s inspirational role in East Asia, and psychoanalyzes the second-world leaders whose decisions are reshaping the balance of power.

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Preface to the Paperback Edition	p. ix
Introduction: Inter-Imperial Relations	p. xiii
Part I	The West''s East	
1	    Brussels: The New Rome	p. 3
2	    The Russian Devolution	p. 10
3	    Ukraine: From Border to Bridge	p. 16
4	    The Balkans: Eastern Questions	p. 26
5	    Turkey: Marching East and West	p. 36
6	    The Caucasian Corridor	p. 47
        Conclusion: Stretching Europe	p. 60
Part II	Affairs of the Heartland	
7	    The Silk Road and the Great Game	p. 65
8	    The Russia That Was	p. 71
9	    Tibet And Xinjiang: The New Bamboo Curtain	p. 78
10	    Kazakhstan: "Happiness is Multiple Pipelines"	p. 85
11	    Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Sovereign of Everything, Master of Nothing	p. 93
12	    Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan: Men Behaving Badly	p. 98
13	    Afghanistan and Pakistan: Taming South-Central Asia	p. 108
        Conclusion: A Change of Heart	p. 115
Part III	The End of the Monroe Doctrine	
14	    The New Rules of the Game	p. 121
15	    Mexico: The Umbilical Cord	p. 132
16	    Venezuela: Bolivar''s Revenge	p. 137
17	    Colombia: the Andean Balkans?	p. 144
18	    Brazil: The Southern Pole	p. 152
19	    Argentina and Chile: Very Fraternal Twins	p. 159
        Conclusion: Beyond Monroe	p. 166
Part IV	In Search of the "Middle East"	
20	    The Shattered Belt	p. 171
21	    The Maghreb: Europe''s Southern Shore	p. 176
22	    Egypt: Between Bureaucrats and Theocrats	p. 191
23	    The Mashreq: Road Maps	p. 204
24	    The Former Iraq: Buffer, Black Hole, and Broken Boundary	p. 220
25	    Iran: Virtues and Vices	p. 227
26	    Gulf Streams	p. 234
        Conclusion: Arabian Sand Dunes	p. 252
Part V	Asia for Asians	
27	    From Outside in to Inside Out	p. 257
28	    China''s First-World Seduction	p. 269
29	    Malaysia and Indonesia: The Greater Chinese Co-Prosperity Sphere	p. 278
30	    Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam: The Inner Triangle	p. 292
31	    Size Matters: The Four Chinas	p. 300
        Conclusion: The Search for Equilibrium in a Non-American World	p. 321
Acknowledgments	p. 343
Bibliography	p. 353
Notes	p. 377
Index	p. 443