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This book employs recursivity and contingency as two principle concepts to investigate into the relation between nature and technology, machine and organism, system and freedom. It reconstructs a trajectory of thought from an Organic condition of thinking elaborated by Kant, passing by the philosophy of nature (Schelling and Hegel), to the 20th century Organicism (Bertalanffy, Needham, Whitehead, Wiener among others) and Organology (Bergson, Canguilhem, Simodnon, Stiegler), and questions the new condition of philosophizing in the time of algorithmic contingency, ecological and algorithmic catastrophes, which Heidegger calls the end of philosophy. The book centres on the following speculative question: if in the philosophical tradition, the concept of contingency is always related to the laws of nature, then in what way can we understand contingency in related to technical systems? The book situates the concept of recursivity as a break from the Cartesian mechanism and the drive of system construction; it elaborates on the necessity of contingency in such epistemological rupture where nature ends and system emerges. In this development, we see how German idealism is precursor to cybernetics, and the Anthropocene and Noosphere (Teilhard de Chardin) point toward the realization of a gigantic cybernetic system, which lead us back to the question of freedom. It questions the concept of absolute contingency (Meillassoux) and proposes a cosmotechnical pluralism. Engaging with modern and contemporary European philosophy as well as Chinese thought through the mediation of Needham, this book refers to cybernetics, mathematics, artificial intelligence and inhumanism.

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This book is an investigation of algorithmic contingency and an elucidation of the contemporary situation that we are living in: the regular arrival of algorithmic catastrophes on a global scale. Through a historical analysis of philosophy, computation and media, this book proposes a renewed relation between nature and technics..
Cover -- Recursivity and Contingency -- Series Editors -- Recursivity and Contingency -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Epilogue -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Preface -- Introduction: A Psychedelic Becoming -- §1. Adventure of Reason -- §2. Invisible Nature, Visible Mind -- §3. Contingency and Finality -- §4. Beyond Mechanism and Vitalism -- §5. The Great Completion -- §6. The Conflict of Organs -- §7. After Ecology, before Solar Catastrophe -- §8. The Future Cosmologists -- Chapter 1 -- Nature and Recursivity -- §9. Kant and the Model of System -- §10. The Organic Condition of Philosophy -- §11. Recursivity in Fichte’s Ich -- §12. Circularity in Soul and Nature -- §13. Recursivity in Naturphilosophie -- §14. Organicist and Ecological Paradigm -- §15. General Organism, Gaia, or Artificial Earth -- Chapter 2 -- Logic and Contingency -- §16. Recursivity in the Phenomenology of Spirit -- §17. Organicist and Reflective Logic -- §18. “Feebleness of the Notion in Nature” -- §19. Death of Nature as Affirmation of Logic -- §20. General Recursivity and Turing Machine -- §21. Wiener’s Leibnizianism -- §22. Cybernetics of Cybernetics -- §23. Information of Dialectics -- §24. Incomputability and Algorithmic Contingency -- Chapter 3 -- Organized Inorganic -- § 25. From Organicism to Organology -- §26. Form and Fire, or Life -- §27. Descartes and the Mechanical Organs -- §28. Kant as Philosopher of Technology -- §29. Organology in Creative Evolution -- §30. Norms and Accidents -- §31. The Uncanny Fire -- Chapter 4 -- Organizing Inorganic -- §32. Universal Cybernetics, General Allagmatic -- §33. Recursivity in Psychic and Collective Individuation -- §34. An Organology of Contingency -- §35. Nature or Art -- §36. Tertiary Protention and Preemption -- §37. Inorganic Organicity or Ecology -- §38. The Principle of Ground -- Chapter 5 -- The Inhuman That Remains -- §39. Postmodernity and Recursivity -- §40. Technosphere or Christogenesis -- §41. Inhuman contra System -- §42. Contingency after System, or Technodiversity -- §43. Sensibility and Passibility -- §44. Organicism, Organology, and Cosmotechnics -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author -- .