상세정보

Approaches the subject of physics from a contemporary viewpoint, integrating the Newtonian, relativistic and quantum description of nature. The text covers all the traditional topics of physics with greater emphasis on the conservation laws, the concepts of field and waves and the atomic view of matter.

정보제공 :

CONTENTS
Preface = ⅴ
Introduction = 1
 What is physics? = 1
 The relation of physic to other sciences = 2
 The experimental method = 4
1 The structure of matter = 5
 1.1 Introduction = 5
 1.2 Particles = 5
 1.3 Atoms = 7
 1.4 Molecules = 9
 1.5 Matter in bulk = 12
 1.6 Living systems = 15
 1.7 Interactions = 16
2 Measurement and units = 18
 2.1 Introduction = 18
 2.2 Measurement = 19
 2.3 Fundamental quantities = 20
 2.4 Fundamental units = 21
 2.5 Derived units and dimensions = 24
3 Rectilinear motion = 29
 3.1 Mecnanics = 29
 3.2 Frames of reference = 30
 3.3 Rectilinear motion : velocity = 31
 3.4 Rectilinear motion : acceleration = 37
 3.5 Some special motions = 41
 3.6 Free vertical motion under the action of gravity = 44
 3.7 Vector representation of velocity and acceleration in rectilinear motion = 47
 3.8 Composition of velocities and accelerations = 48
 3.9 Relative montion = 50
4 Curvilinear motion = 57
 4.1 Introduction = 57
 4.2 Curvilinear motion : velocity = 58
 4.3 Curvilinear motion : acceleration = 60
 4.4 Tangential and normal acceleration = 62
 4.5 Curvilinear motion with constant acceleration = 64
 4.6 Relative translational motion : the Galilean transformation = 69
5 Circular motion = 77
 5.1 Introduction = 77
 5.2 Circular motion : angular velocity = 77
 5.3 Circular motion : angular acceleration = 81
 5.4 Vector relations in circular motion = 82
 5.5 Relative rotational motion = 85
 5.6 Motion relative to the Earth = 87
6 Force and momentum = 93
 6.1 Introduction = 93
 6.2 The law of inertia = 95
 6.3 Mass = 96
 6.4 Linear momentum = 99
 6.5 Principle of conservation of momentum = 100
 6.6 Newton's second and third laws = 106
 6.7 Relationship between force and acceleration = 108
 6.8 Units of force = 110
 6.9 Classical principle of relativity = 112
7 Applications of the laws of motion = 120
 7.1 Introduction = 120
 7.2 Motion under a constant force = 120
 7.3 Resultant force = 121
 7.4 Equilibrium of a particle = 125
 7.5 Frictional forces = 127
 7.6 Frictional forces in fluids = 130
 7.7 Systems with variable mass = 133
8 Torque and angular momentum = 141
 8.1 Introduction = 141
 8.2 Curvilinear motion = 141
 8.3 Torque = 145
 8.4 Angular momentum = 146
 8.5 Central forces = 148
9 Work and energy = 157
 9.1 Introduction = 157
 9.2 Work = 158
 9.3 Power = 161
 9.4 Units of work and power = 161
 9.5 Kinetic energy = 164
 9.6 Units of energy = 167
 9.7 Work of a constant force = 168
 9.8 Potential energy = 169
 9.9 Relation between force and potential energy = 171
 9.10 Conservation of energy of a particle = 174
 9.11 Discussion of potential energy curves = 177
 9.12 Non-conservative forces and energy dissipation = 184
10 Oscillatory motion = 190
 10.1 Introduction = 190
 10.2 Kinematics of simple harmonic motion = 191
 10.3 Rotationg vectors or phasors = 192
 10.4 Force and energy in simple harmonic motion = 194
 10.5 Basic equation of simple harmonic motion = 196
 10.6 The simple pendulum = 197
 10.7 Superposition of two SHMs in the same direction and frequency = 200
 10.8 Superposition of two SHMs with the same direction but different frequency = 203
 10.9 Superposition of two SHMs in perpendicular directions = 205
 10.10 Coupled oscillators = 208
 10.11 Molecular vibrations = 210
 10.12 Anharmonic oscillations = 212
 10.13 Damped oscillations = 213
 10.14 Forced oscillations = 216
11 Gravitational interaction = 239
 11.1 Introduction = 239
 11.2 The law of gravitation = 241
 11.3 Newton's derivation of the law of force = 245
 11.4 Inertial and gravitational mass = 247
 11.5 Graviational potential energy = 249
 11.6 Relation between energy and orbital motion = 251
 11.7 Gravitational field = 264
 11.8 Gravitational potential = 267
 11.9 Gravitational field of a spherical body = 268
 11.10 The principle of equivalence = 274
 11.11 Gravitation and molecular forces = 277
12 Space exploration = 286
 12.1 Introduction = 286
 12.2 Earth satellites = 287
 12.3 Voyage to the Moon = 292
 12.4 Exploration of the solar system = 294
13 Systems of particles Ⅰ : Linear and angular momentum = 301
 13.1 Introduction = 301
 13.2 Motion of the center of mass of an isolated system of particles = 302
 13.3 Motion of the center of mass of a system of particles subject to external forces = 307
 13.4 Reduced mass = 314
 13.5 Angular momentum of a system of particles = 317
 13.6 Internal and orbital angular momentum = 320
 13.7 Angular momentum of a rigid body = 321
 13.8 Equation of motion for rotation of a rigid body = 328
 13.9 Oscillatory motion of a rigid body = 331
 13.10 Gyroscopic motion = 334
 13.11 Equilibrium of a body = 339
14 Systems of particles Ⅱ : Energy = 348
 14.1 Introduction = 348
 14.2 Kinetic energy of a system of particles = 348
 14.3 Conservation of energy of a system of particles = 349
 14.4 Total energy of a system of particles subject to external forces = 352
 14.5 Internal energy of a system of particles = 353
 14.6 Kinetic energy of rotation of a rigid body = 354
 14.7 Rotational energy of molecules = 357
 14.8 Binding energy of a system of particles = 358
 14.9 Collisions = 360
 14.10 Fluid motion = 367
15 Gases = 378
 15.1 Introduction = 378
 15.2 Temperature = 379
 15.3 The ideal gas temperature = 381
 15.4 Temperature and molecular energy = 384
 15.5 Internal energy of an ideal gas = 386
 15.6 Real gases = 390
 15.7 Polyatomic gases = 394
16 Thermodynamics = 400
 16.1 Introduction = 400
 16.2 Internal energy and work = 401
 16.3 Many particle systems : work = 401
 16.4 Many particle systems : heat = 405
 16.5 Many particle systems : energy balance = 406
 16.6 Special processes = 410
 16.7 Heat capacity = 412
 16.8 Reversible and irreversible processes = 416
 16.9 Entropy and heat = 418
 16.10 Efficiency of a thermal engine operating in a Carnot cycle = 422
 16.11 The law of entropy = 426
17 Statistical mechanics = 433
 17.1 Introduction = 433
 17.2 Statistical equilibrium = 434
 17.3 Maxwell-boltzmann distribution law = 436
 17.4 Statistical definition of temprerature = 441
 17.5 Energy and velocity distribution of the molecules in an ideal gas = 446
 17.6 Experimental verification of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution law = 449
 17.7 Thermal equilibrium = 450
 17.8 Entropy = 453
 17.9 Law of increase of entropy = 454
18 Transport phenomena = 462
 18.1 Introduction = 462
 18.2 Molecular diffusion : Fick's law = 462
 18.3 Steady diffusion = 465
 18.4 Thermal conduction : Fourier's law = 469
 18.5 Steady thermal conduction = 470
 18.6 Viscosity = 472
 18.7 Mean free path and collision frequency = 475
 18.8 Molecular theory of transport phenomena = 477
19 The principle of relativity = 483
 19.1 Introduction = 483
 19.2 The velocity of light = 484
 19.3 The Lorentz transformation = 487
 19.4 Lorentz transformation of velocities and accelerations = 490
 19.5 Consequences of the Lorentz transformation = 492
 19.6 Special principle of relativity = 495
 19.7 Momentum = 496
 19.8 Force = 498
 19.9 Energy = 500
 19.10 The general theory of relativity = 505
20 High energy processes = 518
 20.1 Introduction = 518
 20.2 Energy and momentum = 519
 20.3 Systems of particles = 522
 20.4 High energy collisions = 525
 20.5 Particle decay = 529
21 Electric interaction = 539
 21.1 Introduction = 539
 21.2 Electric charge = 541
 21.3 Coulomb's law = 542
 21.4 Units of charge = 543
 21.5 Electric field = 545
 21.6 Electric field of a point charge = 548
 21.7 The quantization of electric charge = 552
 21.8 Principle of conservation of charge = 555
 21.9 Electric potential = 555
 21.10 Relation between electric potential and electric field = 556
 21.11 Electric potential of a point charge = 558
 21.12 Energy relations in an electric filed = 563
22 Magnetic interaction = 569
 22.1 Introduction = 569
 22.2 Magnetic force on a moving charge = 570
 22.3 Motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field = 572
 22.4 Motion of a charged particle in a non-umiform magnetic field = 576
 22.5 Examples of motion of charged particles in an magnetic field = 578
 22.6 Magnetic field of a moving charge = 583
 22.7 Magnetic dipoles = 585
23 Electric sturcture of matter = 592
 23.1 Introduction = 592
 23.2 Electrolysis = 592
 23.3 The nuclear model of the atom = 594
 23.4 Bohr's theory of the atom = 596
 23.5 Quantization of angular momentum = 601
 23.6 Effect of a magnetic field on electronic motion = 603
 23.7 Electron spin = 605
 23.8 Spin-orbit interaction = 606
 23.9 Electron shells in atoms = 608
 23.10 Electrons in solids = 614
 23.11 Conductors, semiconductors and insulators = 615
24 Electirc currents = 624
 24.1 Introduction = 624
 Part A : Electirc currents and electric fields = 625
  24.2 Electirc current = 625
  24.3 Ohm's law = 627
  24.4 Conductivity = 628
  24.5 Electric power = 632
  24.6 Combination of resistors = 634
  24.7 Direct current circuits = 636
  24.8 Methods for calculating currents in an electric network = 638
 Part B : Electric currents and magnetic fiels = 641
  24.9 Magnetic force on an electric current = 641
  24.10 Magnetic torque on an electric current = 645
  24.11 Magnetic field produced by a current = 647
  24.12 Magnetic field of a rectilinear current = 648
  24.13 Magnetic field of a circular current = 650
  24.14 Forces between electric currents = 653
25 The electric field = 661
 25.1 Introduction = 661
 25.2 Electromotive force = 661
 25.3 Flux of the electric field = 662
 25.4 Gauss'law for the electric field = 664
 25.5 Properties of a conductor placed in an electric field = 670
 25.6 Electric polarization of matter = 673
 25.7 The polarization vector = 675
 25.8 Electric displacement = 676
 25.9 Electric susceptibility and permittivity = 678
 25.10 Electic capacitance : capacitors = 680
 25.11 Energy of the electric field = 685
26 The magnetic field = 690
 26.1 Introduction = 690
 26.2 Amp$$\dot e$$re's law for the magnetic field = 690
 26.3 Magnetic flux = 696
 26.4 Magnetization of matter = 697
 26.5 The magnetization vector = 699
 26.6 The magnetizing field = 704
 26.7 Magnetic susceptibility and permeability = 706
 26.8 Energy of the magnetic field = 708
 26.9 Summary of the laws for static fields = 711
27 The electromagnetic field = 714
 27.1 Introduction = 714
 Part A : The laws of the electromagnetic field = 715
  27.2 The Faraday-Henry law = 715
  27.3 Electromagnetic induction due to the relative motion of a conductor and a magnetic field = 720
  27.4 Electromagnetic induction and the principle of relativity = 722
  27.5 The principle of conservation of electric charge = 723
  27.6 The Amp$$\dot e$$re-Maxwell law = 724
  27.7 Maxwell's equations = 727
 Part B : Application to electric circuits = 728
  27.8 Self-induction = 728
  27.9 Free electrical oscillations = 732
  27.10 Forced electrical oscillations : alternating current circuits = 734
  27.11 Energy of the electromagnetic field = 739
  27.12 Coupled circuits = 741
28 Wave motion = 747
 28.1 Introduction = 747
 28.2 Waves = 748
 28.3 Description of wave motion = 749
 28.4 The general equation of wave motion = 753
 28.5 Elastic waves = 754
 28.6 Pressure waves in a gas = 758
 28.7 Transverse waves on a string = 761
 28.8 Transverse elastic waves in a rod = 763
 28.9 Surface waves in a liquid = 764
 28.10 What propagates in wave motion? = 766
 28.11 Waves in two and three dimensions = 769
 28.12 Spherical waves in a fluid = 771
 28.13 Group velocity = 772
 28.14 The Doppler effect = 775
29 Electromagnetic waves = 782
 29.1 Introduction = 782
 29.2 Plane electromagnetic waves = 783
 29.3 Energy and momentum of and electromagnetic wave = 787
 29.4 Radiation from oscillating dipoles = 790
 29.5 Radiation from an accelerated charge = 793
 29.6 Propagation of electromagnetic waves in matter ; dispersion = 797
 29.7 The Doppler effect in electromagnetics waves = 798
 29.8 The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation = 802
30 Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter : photons = 808
 30.1 Introduction = 808
 30.2 Emission of radiation by atoms, molecules and nuclei = 808
 30.3 Absorption of electromagnetic radiation by atoms, molecules and nuclei = 810
 30.4 Scattering of electromagnetic waves by bound electrons = 811
 30.5 Scattering of electromangetic radiation by a free electron : the Compton effect = 813
 30.6 Photons = 816
 30.7 More about photons : the photoelectric effect in metals = 820
31 Radiative transitions = 824
 31.1 Introduction = 824
 31.2 Stationary states = 825
 31.3 Interaction of radiation with matter = 829
 31.4 Atomic spectra = 831
 31.5 Molecular spectra = 835
 31.6 Radiative transitions in solids = 838
 31.7 Spontaneous and stimulated radiative transitions = 841
 31.8 Masers and lasers = 843
 31.9 Blackbody radiation = 848
32 Reflection, refraction and polarization = 856
 32.1 Introduction = 856
 32.2 Rays and wave surfaces = 857
 32.3 Reflection and refraction of plane waves = 858
 32.4 Reflection and refraction of spherical waves = 861
 32.5 Reflection and transmission of transverse waves on a string = 863
 32.6 Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves = 865
 32.7 Propagation of electromagnetic waves in an anisotropic medium = 867
 32.8 Reflection and refraction at metallic surfaces = 872
33 Wave geometry = 875
 33.1 Introduction = 875
 33.2 Reflection at a spherical surface = 876
 33.3 Refraction at a spherical surface = 882
 33.4 Lenses = 885
 33.5 Optical instruments = 891
 33.6 The prism = 897
 33.7 Dispersion = 898
 33.8 Chromatic aberration = 900
34 Interference = 908
 34.1 Introduction = 908
 34.2 Interference of waves produced by two synchronous sources = 909
 34.3 Interference from several synchronous sources = 914
 34.4 Standing waves in one dimension = 919
 34.5 Standing electromagnetic waves = 924
 34.6 Standing waves in two dimensions = 926
 34.7 Standing waves in three dimension ; resonant cavities = 929
 34.8 Waveguides = 930
35 Diffraction = 936
 35.1 Introduction = 936
 35.2 Huygens' principle = 937
 35.3 Fraunhofer diffraction by a rectangular slit = 939
 35.4 Fraunhofer diffraction by a circular aperture = 942
 35.5 Fraunhofer diffraction by two equal parallel slit = 944
 35.6 Diffraction graings = 945
 35.7 X-ray scattering by crystals = 948
36 Quantum mechanics : fundamentals = 955
 36.1 Introduction = 955
 36.2 Particles and fields = 956
 36.3 Scattering of particles by crystals = 957
 36.4 Particles and wave packets = 960
 36.5 Heisenberg's uncertainty principle for position and momentum = 961
 36.6 Illustrations of Heisenberg's principle = 963
 36.7 The uncertainty relation for time and energy = 967
 36.8 Stationary states and the matter field = 968
 36.9 Wave function and probability density = 971
37 Quantum mechanics : applications = 977
 37.1 Introduction = 977
 37.2 Schr$${\ddot o}$$dinger's equation = 978
 37.3 Free particle = 979
 37.4 Potential wall = 980
 37.5 Potential box = 981
 37.6 Potential well = 985
 37.7 Particles in a general potential = 988
 37.8 The simple harmonic oscillator = 991
 37.9 Potential barrier penetration = 993
38 Atoms, molecules and solids = 999
 38.1 Introduction = 999
 38.2 Angular wavefunction under a central force = 999
 38.3 Atoms with one electron = 1002
 38.4 Atoms with two eoectrons = 1006
 38.5 Atoms with many electrons = 1009
 38.6 Diatomic molecules = 1012
 38.7 Linear molecules = 1015
 38.8 The geometry of molecules = 1017
 38.9 Structure of solids = 1020
 38.10 Electrons in metals = 1023
39 Nuclear structure = 1027
 39.1 Introduction = 1027
 39.2 The nucleus = 1027
 39.3 Properties of the nucleus = 1028
 39.4 Nuclear binding energy = 1030
 39.5 Nuclear forces = 1031
 39.6 The deuteron = 1034
 39.7 Neutron-proton scattering = 1035
 39.8 Nuclear shell model = 1036
 39.9 Nuclear radiative transitions = 1038
40 Nuclear processes = 1042
 40.1 Introduction = 1042
 40.2 Radioactive decay = 1042
 40.3 α-decay = 1045
 40.4 β-decay = 1048
 40.5 Nuclear reactions = 1052
 40.6 Nuclear fission = 1054
 40.7 Fission chain reactions = 1056
 40.8 Nuclaer fusion = 1059
41 The ultimate structure of matter = 1070
 41.1 Introduction = 1070
 41.2 The 'fundamental' particles = 1071
 41.3 Particles and antiparticles = 1073
 41.4 Particle instability = 1077
 41.5 The conservation laws = 1080
 41.6 Symmetry and interactions = 1081
 41.7 Resonances = 1085
 41.8 The standard model = 1087
 41.9 The evolution of the universe = 1091
Notes
 2.1 Historical basis for the fundamental units = 23
 2.2 Space, time and matter = 26
 3.1 The age of the universe = 52
 5.1 Radial and transverse velocity in plane curvilinear motion = 80
 6.1 The forces we know = 114
 8.1 Scattering of a particle by a central repulsive inverse square force = 153
 9.1 Relation between force, torque and potential energy in plane curvilinear motion = 173
 9.2 Energy in plane curvilinear motion = 182
 10.1 Impedance of an oscillator = 221
 10.2 Fourier analysis of periodic motion = 224
 10.3 Representation of oscillatory motion in phase space = 226
 10.4 Non-linear oscillations and dynamical chaos = 230
 11.1 General motion under gravitational attraction = 259
 11.2 Gravitational energy of a spherical body = 261
 11.3 Critical density of the universe = 262
 11.4 Gravitation and the large-scale structure of the universe = 278
 11.5 Gravitation and dynamical chaos = 280
 13.1 Discussion of the interaction between two systems of particles = 313
 13.2 Precession of a gyroscope = 336
 14.1 Invariance, symmetry and the conservation laws = 372
 17.1 Probability of a partition in Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics = 439
 17.2 Heat capacity of a crystalline solid = 445
 17.3 Statistical analysis of work and heat = 452
 17.4 Systems far from equilibrium = 458
 18.1 Relation between mean free path and molecular dimensions = 475
 18.2 Convective and turbulent transport = 479
 19.1 Analysis of the Michelson-Morley experiment = 485
 19.2 Relativistic momentum = 498
 19.3 Estimation of general relativistic effects = 509
 20.1 Lorentz transformation of energy and momentum = 520
 20.2 Experimental techniques for producing high energy paricles = 533
 21.1 Analysis of the Millikan oil-drop experiment = 554
 22.1 Van Allen radiation belts = 588
 23.1 Justification of relation $$L^2 = l(l+1)\hbar ^2$$ = 602
 23.2 Origin of the spin-orbit interaction = 607
 24.1 Calculation of the electric conductivity = 632
 24.2 Electirc currents in gases = 639
 24.3 Relation between the magnetic field of a current and the magnetic field of a moving charge = 648
 24.4 Note on electromagnetic units = 654
 25.1 Charge and discharge of a capacitor = 683
 25.2 Relation between the electric field and the energy of the field = 687
 26.1 Magnetic confinement of a plasma = 695
 26.2 Magnetizaion of diamagnetic and paramagnetic substances = 703
 26.3 Energy of the magnetic field of a slowly moving charge = 710
 27.1 The betatron = 719
 27.2 Application of the method of rotating vectors to a.c. electric circuits = 737
 28.1 Acoustics = 737
 29.1 Comparison of electric and magnetic dipole radiation = 792
 30.1 Collisions involving a zero mass particle = 816
 30.2 Experimental verification of Einstein's equation = 821
 31.1 Tuning of a laser = 847
 31.2 Analysis of spontaneous and stimulated transitions = 851
 33.1 New telescope technologies = 895
 33.2 The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) = 902
 33.3 Non-imaging optics = 904
 34.1 Hertz's experiment = 925
 35.1 Holography = 952
 37.1 Energy states in a potential well = 987
 40.1 Discovery of the neutron = 1053
 40.2 Nuclear fission reactors = 1057
 40.3 Nuclear fusion reactors = 1061
 40.4 The formation of the elements = 1062
 41.1 The antiproton experiment = 1076
 41.2 Parity violations in β-decay = 1084
 41.3 Experimental evidence of the internal structure of protons = 1089
 41.4 The cosmological fate = 1093
Appendices
 A : Vectors = 1097
  A.1 Concept of direction = 1097
  A.2 Scalars and vectors = 1097
  A.3 Addition and subtraction of vectors = 1098
  A.4 Components of a vector = 1100
  A.5 Addition of several vectors = 1101
  A.6 The scalar product = 1101
  A.7 The vector product = 1102
  A.8 Vector representation of an area = 1103
  A.9 Gradient of a scalar function = 1104
  A.10 The line integral of a vector : Circulation = 1105
  A.11 The surface integral of a vector : Flux = 1105
 B : Mathematical relations = 1106
  B.1 Trigonometric functions = 1106
  B.2 Logarithms = 1107
  B.3 Power expansions = 1108
  B.4 Plane and solid angles = 1109
  B.5 Basic derivatives and integrals = 1110
  B.6 Spceial integrals = 1110
  B.7 Average value od a function = 1110
  B.8 Conic sections = 1111
 C : Calculation of the moment of inertia = 1112
Answers to selected problems = 1114
Index = 1124