CONTENTS
List of Tables = ⅷ
List of Abbreviations = x
Acknowledgements = xiii
Introduction = 1
Animal protection and mainstream public policy = 2
Pluralism, policy networks and animal protection = 5
A guide to the chapters = 8
Pluralism, animal protection and research methodology = 12
1 The Institutional Framework of Animal Protection = 16
Legislative support for animal protection = 16
Sectorization and the structure of animal protection decision-making = 21
Institutional structures and animal protection in Britain = 22
Institutional structures and animal protection in the United States = 29
2 The Economics and Politics of Animal Exploitation = 39
The political economy of wildlife and animal entertainment = 40
The Economic structure of intensive agriculture = 43
The animal research community = 47
The political organization of the animal-use lobby = 50
3 The Animal Protection Movement : Recruitment, Ideology and Strategy = 68
Mancur Olson and membership recruitment = 68
Rational choice and human interests = 71
Group maintenance and the role of the entrepreneur = 73
Animal rights and solidaristic collectivism - A post-Olsonian agenda = 76
Animal rights and the 'new welfarism' = 81
4 Lobbying for Animals = 93
The development of the modern animal protection movement = 93
Key political actors = 95
Financial resources and political influence = 100
Organizational alliances and policy sectorization = 103
5 Parliament and Animal Protection = 109
Parliament's limited role = 109
Parliament and hunting = 111
Legislation, scrutiny and agenda setting = 114
The extent of animal advocacy in parliament = 115
Profile of animal advocates in the House = 116
6 American Legislators and Animal Protection = 122
The scope of Congressional support = 122
Conclusion = 136
7 The Politics of Farm Animal Welfare in the United States = 139
Historical origins and development of the agricultural policy community = 140
Congressional committees and farm animal welfare = 141
Congress, USDA and farm animals = 146
A brighter future for farm animal welfare? = 149
8 The Politics of Farm Animal Welfare in Britain = 151
The challenge of animal welfare = 152
A damage limitation exercise? = 153
A genuine attempt to balance interests? = 162
A policy community under siege = 169
9 The Politics of Animal Research in Britain = 176
Origins of the animal research policy network = 176
Littlewood to Mellor = 177
1986 Animals(Scientific Procedures) Act = 182
Ten Years on - have the animals benefited? = 187
The three Rs = 192
Enforcement = 198
10 The Politics of Animal Research in the United States = 202
Public pressure and Congressional action = 202
Laboratory Animal Welfare Act 1966 = 202
Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act 1985 = 205
Pet Theft Act 1990 = 208
What has Congress achieved? = 209
Executive agencies and animal testing = 214
The issue network and regulatory obstruction = 215
Enforcement failures = 223
Conclusion Animal Protection and Pluralist Politics = 229
The degree of policy sectorization = 229
Power structures within networks = 230
The relationship between structure and outcome = 231
Explaining change = 234
Appendix Ⅰ Database Design = 238
Appendix Ⅱ Questionnaire Design = 239
Notes = 240
Bibliography = 267
Index = 278
