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This is the first book to explain the language Unified Parallel C and its use. Authors El-Ghazawi, Carlson, and Sterling are among the developers of UPC, with close links with the industrial members of the UPC consortium. Their text covers background material on parallel architectures and algorithms, and includes UPC programming case studies. This book represents an invaluable resource for the growing number of UPC users and applications developers. More information about UPC can be found at: http://upc.gwu.edu/

An Instructor Support FTP site is available from the Wiley editorial department.

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A must-have for UPC programmers and applications developers

This publication provides an in-depth interpretation of UPC language specifications for use in highly parallel systems. With its extensive use of examples, UPC programming case studies, and illustrations, it offers new insights into developing efficient and effective UPC applications such as high-speed signal processing and pattern recognition. As an added feature, readers have access to an ftp site containing an electronic copy of the full code and can make files for all the examples given in the text.

The book provides all the information and guidance needed to use this powerful new programming language:

• Chapter 1 provides a quick tutorial of the major features of the UPC language
• Chapter 2 presents the UPC programming model and describes how shared and nonshared data are declared and used
• Chapter 3 covers the critically important concept of pointers in UPC, identifying the types, declarations, and usage of the various UPC pointers and how they work with arrays
• Chapter 4 explains how data and work can be distributed in UPC such that data locality is exploited through efficient data declarations and work-sharing constructs
• Chapter 5 provides extensive treatment of dynamic memory allocation in the shared space
• Chapter 6 covers thread and data synchronization, explaining the effective mechanisms provided by UPC for mutual exclusion, barriers, and memory consistency control
• Chapter 7 offers programmers tools needed to write efficient applications
• Chapter 8 introduces two UPC standard libraries: the collective operations library and the parallel I/O library
• Appendices feature the UPC v1.1.1 specification; UPC v1.0 collective library specifications; UPC-IO v1.0 specifications; information on how to compile and run UPC programs; and a quick UPC reference card

UPC is ubiquitous. It is supported on parallel computers from HP, Cray, SGI, IBM, as well as on computer clusters. This is the authoritative source for learning how to master this programming language; El-Ghazawi, Carlson, and Yelick are among the developers of UPC.

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Preface vii
 
1. Introductory Tutorial 1
 
1.1 Getting Started 1
 
1.2 Private and Shared Data 3
 
1.3 Shared Arrays and Affinity of Shared Data 6
 
1.4 Synchronization and Memory Consistency 8
 
1.5 Work Sharing 10
 
1.6 UPC Pointers 11
 
1.7 Summary 14
 
Exercises 14
 
2. Programming View and UPC Data Types 17
 
2.1 Programming Models 17
 
2.2 UPC Programming Model 20
 
2.3 Shared and Private Variables 21
 
2.4 Shared and Private Arrays 23
 
2.5 Blocked Shared Arrays 25
 
2.6 Compiling Environments and Shared Arrays 30
 
2.7 Summary 30
 
Exercises 31
 
3. Pointers and Arrays 33
 
3.1 UPC Pointers 33
 
3.2 Pointer Arithmetic 35
 
3.3 Pointer Casting and Usage Practices 38
 
3.4 Pointer Information and Manipulation Functions 40
 
3.5 More Pointer Examples 43
 
3.6 Summary 47
 
Exercises 47
 
4. Work Sharing and Domain Decomposition 49
 
4.1 Basic Work Distribution 50
 
4.2 Parallel Iterations 51
 
4.3 Multidimensional Data 54
 
4.4 Distributing Trees 62
 
4.5 Summary 71
 
Exercises 71
 
5. Dynamic Shared Memory Allocation 73
 
5.1 Allocating a Global Shared Memory Space Collectively 73
 
5.2 Allocating Multiple Global Spaces 78
 
5.3 Allocating Local Shared Spaces 82
 
5.4 Freeing Allocated Spaces 89
 
5.5 Summary 90
 
Exercises 90
 
6. Synchronization and Memory Consistency 91
 
6.1 Barriers 92
 
6.2 Split-Phase Barriers 94
 
6.3 Locks 99
 
6.4 Memory Consistency 108
 
6.5 Summary 113
 
Exercises 114
 
7. Performance Tuning and Optimization 115
 
7.1 Parallel System Architectures 116
 
7.2 Performance Issues in Parallel Programming 120
 
7.3 Role of Compilers and Run-Time Systems 122
 
7.4 UPC Hand Optimization 123
 
7.5 Case Studies 128
 
7.6 Summary 135
 
Exercises 135
 
8. UPC Libraries 137
 
8.1 UPC Collective Library 137
 
8.2 UPC-IO Library 141
 
8.3 Summary 146
 
References 147
 
Appendix A: UPC Language Specifications, v1.1.1 149
 
Appendix B: UPC Collective Operations Specifications, v1.0 183
 
Appendix C: UPC-IO Specifications, v1.0 203
 
Appendix D: How to Compile and Run UPC Programs 243
 
Appendix E: Quick UPC Reference 245
 
Index 251

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