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For courses in cell biology. Explore the world of the cell Widely praised for its strong biochemistry coverage and clear, easy-to-follow explanations and figures, Becker's World of the Cell provides a beautifully-illustrated, up-to-date introduction to cell biology concepts, processes, and applications. Informed by many years of classroom experience in the sophomore-level cell biology course, the dramatically-revised Ninth Edition introduces molecular genetics concepts earlier in the text and includes more extensive coverage of key techniques in each chapter. Becker's World of the Cell provides accessible and authoritative descriptions of all major principles, as well as unique scientific insights into visualization and applications of cell and molecular biology. MasteringBiology (TM)not included. Students, if MasteringBiology is a recommended/mandatory component of the course, please ask your instructor for the correct ISBN and course ID. MasteringBiology should only be purchased when required by an instructor. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. MasteringBiology is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed to work with this text to engage students and improve results. Interactive, self-paced tutorials provide individualized coaching to help students stay on track. With a wide range of activities available, students can actively learn, understand, and retain even the most difficult concepts.

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Front Cover -- About the Authors -- Brief Contents -- Detailed Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: A Preview of Cell Biology -- 1.1: The Cell Theory: A Brief History -- Advances in Microscopy Allowed Detailed Studies of Cells -- The Cell Theory Applies to All Organisms -- 1.2: The Emergence of Modern Cell Biology -- The Cytological Strand Deals with Cellular Structure -- The Biochemical Strand Studies the Chemistry of Biological Structure and Function -- The Genetic Strand Focuses on Information Flow -- 1.3: How Do We Know What We Know? -- Biological “Facts” May Turn Out to Be Incorrect -- Experiments Test Specific Hypotheses -- Model Organisms Play a Key Role in Modern Cell Biology Research -- Well-Designed Experiments Alter Only One Variable at a Time -- Summary of Key Points -- Problem Set -- Key Technique: Using Immunofluorescence to Identify Specific Cell Components -- Human Connections: The Immortal Cells of Henrietta Lacks -- Chapter 2: The Chemistry of the Cell -- 2.1: The Importance of Carbon -- Carbon-Containing Molecules Are Stable -- Carbon-Containing Molecules Are Diverse -- Carbon-Containing Molecules Can Form Stereoisomers -- 2.2: The Importance of Water -- Water Molecules Are Polar -- Water Molecules Are Cohesive -- Water Has a High Temperature-Stabilizing Capacity -- Water Is an Excellent Solvent -- 2.3: The Importance of Selectively Permeable Membranes -- A Membrane Is a Lipid Bilayer with Proteins Embedded in It -- Lipid Bilayers Are Selectively Permeable -- 2.4: The Importance of Synthesis by Polymerization -- Macromolecules Are Critical for Cellular Form and Function -- Cells Contain Three Different Kinds of Macromolecular Polymers -- Macromolecules Are Synthesized by Stepwise Polymerization of Monomers -- 2.5: The Importance of Self-Assembly -- Noncovalent Bonds and Interactions Are Important in the Folding of Macromolecules -- Many Proteins Spontaneously Fold into Their Biologically Functional State -- Molecular Chaperones Assist the Assembly of Some Proteins -- Self-Assembly Also Occurs in Other Cellular Structures -- The Tobacco Mosaic Virus Is a Case Study in Self-Assembly -- Self-Assembly Has Limits -- Hierarchical Assembly Provides Advantages for the Cell -- Summary of Key Points -- Problem Set -- Key Technique: Determining the Chemical Fingerprint of a Cell Using Mass Spectrometry -- Human Connections: Taking a Deeper Look: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) -- Chapter 3: The Macromolecules of the Cell -- 3.1: Proteins -- The Monomers Are Amino Acids -- The Polymers Are Polypeptides and Proteins -- Several Kinds of Bonds and Interactions Are Important in Protein Folding and Stability -- Protein Structure Depends on Amino Acid Sequence and Interactions -- 3.2: Nucleic Acids -- The Monomers Are Nucleotides -- The Polymers Are DNA and RNA -- A DNA Molecule Is a Double-Stranded Helix -- 3.3: Polysaccharides -- The Monomers Are Monosaccharides -- The Polymers Are Storage and Structural Polysaccharides -- Pol.
ysaccharide Structure Depends on the Kinds of Glycosidic Bonds Involved -- 3.4: Lipids -- Fatty Acids Are the Building Blocks of Several Classes of Lipids -- Triacylglycerols Are Storage Lipids -- Phospholipids Are Important in Membrane Structure -- Glycolipids Are Specialized Membrane Components -- Steroids Are Lipids with a Variety of Functions -- Terpenes Are Formed from Isoprene -- Summary of Key Points -- Problem Set -- Human Connections: Aggregated Proteins and Alzheimer’s -- Key Technique: Using X-Ray Crystallography to Determine Protein Structure -- Chapter 4: Cells and Organelles -- 4.1: Where Did the First Cells Come From? -- Simple Organic Molecules May Have Formed Abiotically in the Young Earth -- RNA May Have Been the First Informational Molecule -- Liposomes May Have Defined the First Primitive Protocells -- 4.2: Properties and Strategies of Cells -- All Organisms Are Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukaryotes -- There Are Several Limitations on Cell Size -- Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes Differ from Each Other in Many Ways -- 4.3: The Eukaryotic Cell in Overview: Structure and Function -- The Plasma Membrane Defines Cell Boundaries and Retains Contents -- The Nucleus Is the Information Center of the Eukaryotic Cell -- Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Provide Energy for the Cell -- The Endosymbiont Theory Proposes That Mitochondria and Chloroplasts Were Derived From Bacteria -- The Endomembrane System Synthesizes Proteins for a Variety of Cellular Destinations -- Other Organelles Also Have Specific Functions -- Ribosomes Synthesize Proteins in the Cytoplasm -- The Cytoskeleton Provides Structure to the Cytoplasm -- The Extracellular Matrix and Cell Walls Are Outside the Plasma Membrane -- 4.4: Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Agents That Invade Cells -- A Virus Consists of a DNA or RNA Core Surrounded by a Protein Coat -- Viroids Are Small, Circular RNA Molecules That Can Cause Plant Diseases -- Prions Are Infectious Protein Molecules -- Summary of Key Points -- Problem Set -- Human Connections: When Cellular “Breakdown” Breaks Down -- Key Technique: Using Centrifugation to Isolate Organelles -- Chapter 5: Bioenergetics: The Flow of Energy in the Cell -- 5.1: The Importance of Energy -- Cells Need Energy to Perform Six Different Kinds of Work -- Organisms Obtain Energy Either from Sunlight or from the Oxidation of Chemical Compounds -- Energy Flows Through the Biosphere Continuously -- The Flow of Energy Through the Biosphere Is Accompanied by a Flow of Matter -- 5.2: Bioenergetics -- Understanding Energy Flow Requires Knowledge of Systems, Heat, and Work -- The First Law of Thermodynamics States That Energy Is Conserved -- The Second Law of Thermodynamics States That Reactions Have Directionality -- Entropy and Free Energy Are Two Means of Assessing Thermodynamic Spontaneity -- 5.3: Understanding ∆G and Keq -- The Equilibrium Constant Keq Is a Measure of Directionality -- ∆G Can Be Calculated Readily -- The Standard Free Energy Change Is ∆G Mea.
sured Under Standard Conditions -- Summing Up: The Meaning of ∆G´ and ∆G˚´ -- Free Energy Change: Sample Calculations -- Jumping Beans Provide a Useful Analogy for Bioenergetics -- Life Requires Steady-State Reactions That Move Toward Equilibrium Without Ever Getting There -- Summary of Key Points -- Problem Set -- Human Connections: The “Potential” of Food to Provide Energy -- Key Technique: Measuring How Molecules Bind to One Another Using Isothermal Titration Calorimetry -- Chapter 6: Enzymes: The Catalysts of Life -- 6.1: Activation Energy and the Metastable State -- Before a Chemical Reaction Can Occur, the Activation Energy Barrier Must Be Overcome -- The Metastable State Is a Result of the Activation Barrier -- Catalysts Overcome the Activation Energy Barrier -- 6.2: Enzymes as Biological Catalysts -- Most Enzymes Are Proteins -- Substrate Binding, Activation, and Catalysis Occur at the Active Site -- Ribozymes Are Catalytic RNA Molecules -- 6.3: Enzyme Kinetics -- Monkeys and Peanuts Provide a Useful Analogy for Understanding Enzyme Kinetics -- Most Enzymes Display Michaelis–Menten Kinetics -- What Is the Meaning of Vmax and Km? -- Why Are Km and Vmax Important to Cell Biologists? -- The Double-Reciprocal Plot Is a Useful Means of Visualizing Kinetic Data -- Enzyme Inhibitors Act Either Irreversibly or Reversibly -- 6.4: Enzyme Regulation -- Allosteric Enzymes Are Regulated by Molecules Other than Reactants and Products -- Allosteric Enzymes Exhibit Cooperative Interactions Between Subunits -- Enzymes Can Also Be Regulated by the Addition or Removal of Chemical Groups -- Summary of Key Points -- Problem Set -- Human Connections: ACE Inhibitors: Enzyme Activity as the Difference Between Life and Death -- Key Technique: Determining Km and Vmax Using Enzyme Assays -- Chapter 7: Membranes: Their Structure, Function, and Chemistry -- 7.1: The Functions of Membranes -- Membranes Define Boundaries and Serve as Permeability Barriers -- Membranes Are Sites of Specific Proteins and Therefore of Specific Functions -- Membrane Proteins Regulate the Transport of Solutes -- Membrane Proteins Detect and Transmit Electrical and Chemical Signals -- Membrane Proteins Mediate Cell Adhesion and Cell-to-Cell Communication -- 7.2: Models of Membrane Structure: An Experimental Perspective -- Overton and Langmuir: Lipids Are Important Components of Membranes -- Gorter and Grendel: The Basis of Membrane Structure Is a Lipid Bilayer -- Davson and Danielli: Membranes Also Contain Proteins -- Robertson: All Membranes Share a Common Underlying Structure -- Further Research Revealed Major Shortcomings of the Davson–Danielli Model -- Singer and Nicolson: A Membrane Consists of a Mosaic of Proteins in a Fluid Lipid Bilayer -- Unwin and Henderson: Most Membrane Proteins Contain Transmembrane Segments -- Recent Findings Suggest Membranes Are Organized into Microdomains -- 7.3: Membrane Lipids: The “Fluid” Part of the Model -- Membranes Contain Several Major Classes of Lip.