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This book provides an interdisciplinary approach to complexity, combining ideas from areas like complex networks, cellular automata, multi-agent systems, self-organization and game theory. The first part of the book provides an extensive introduction to these areas, while the second explores a range of research scenarios. Lastly, the book presents CellNet, a software framework that offers a hands-on approach to the scenarios described throughout the book.

In light of the introductory chapters, the research chapters, and the CellNet simulating framework, this book can be used to teach undergraduate and master’s students in disciplines like artificial intelligence, computer science, applied mathematics, economics and engineering. Moreover, the book will be particularly interesting for Ph.D. and postdoctoral researchers seeking a general perspective on how to design and create their own models.

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This book provides an interdisciplinary approach to complexity, combining ideas from areas like complex networks, cellular automata, multi-agent systems, self-organization and game theory. The first part of the book provides an extensive introduction to these areas, while the second explores a range of research scenarios. Lastly, the book presents CellNet, a software framework that offers a hands-on approach to the scenarios described throughout the book.

In light of the introductory chapters, the research chapters, and the CellNet simulating framework, this book can be used to teach undergraduate and master’s students in disciplines like artificial intelligence, computer science, applied mathematics, economics and engineering. Moreover, the book will be particularly interesting for Ph.D. and postdoctoral researchers seeking a general perspective on how to design and create their own models.

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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- References -- Background -- 2 Complex Systems -- 2.1 Short Historical Notes -- 2.2 Basic Properties -- 2.3 Computational and Algorithmic Complexity -- 2.3.1 Examples of Computational Complexity -- 2.3.2 Computational Complexity Theory -- 2.3.3 Information Theory -- 2.4 Chaos -- 2.5 Fractals -- 2.6 Complex Networks -- 2.7 Adaptive Behavior and Evolutionary Computation -- 2.8 Modeling and Simulating Complex Systems -- 2.9 Conclusion -- 2.10 Further Reading -- References -- 3 Complex Networks -- 3.1 Short Historical Notes -- 3.2 Network Models and Applications -- 3.2.1 Graph Theory -- 3.2.2 Network Theory -- 3.2.3 Complex Networks -- 3.3 Mathematics of Complex Networks -- 3.3.1 Matrix Representation -- 3.3.2 Directed and Weighted Networks -- 3.3.3 Tree -- 3.3.4 Degree -- 3.3.5 Graph Density -- 3.3.6 Paths -- 3.3.7 Random Walks -- 3.3.8 Distances -- 3.3.9 Components -- 3.4 Metrics in Complex Networks -- 3.4.1 Degree Centrality -- 3.4.2 Eigenvector Centrality -- 3.4.3 Closeness Centrality -- 3.4.4 Betweenness Centrality -- 3.4.5 Groups: Cliques, Plexes and Cores -- 3.4.6 Transitivity -- 3.4.7 Clustering Coefficient -- 3.4.8 Degree Distributions -- 3.4.9 Power Laws -- 3.5 Relevant Topologies in Complex Networks -- 3.5.1 Regular Networks -- 3.5.2 Random Networks -- 3.5.3 Small World -- 3.5.4 Scale Free -- 3.6 Conclusion -- 3.7 Further Reading -- References -- 4 Cellular Automata -- 4.1 Short Historical Notes -- 4.2 Basic Notation -- 4.3 Basic Cellular Automata Definition -- 4.4 Types of Neighborhoods -- 4.5 Cellular Automata Classification -- 4.6 Extended Cellular Automata -- 4.6.1 Asynchronous -- 4.6.2 Continuous State-Space -- 4.6.3 Non-homogeneous -- 4.6.4 Stochastic -- 4.6.5 Memory-Based -- 4.6.6 Mobile -- 4.6.7 Dynamic Lattices -- 4.6.8 Nested and Hierarchical -- 4.7 Conclusion -- 4.8 Further Reading -- References -- 5 Multi-agent Systems -- 5.1 Short Historical Notes -- 5.2 Intelligent and Autonomous Agents -- 5.2.1 Deliberative Agents -- 5.2.2 Reactive Agents -- 5.2.3 Hybrid Agents -- 5.2.4 Multi-agent Architectures -- 5.2.5 Mobile Agents -- 5.3 Ontologies -- 5.4 Communication -- 5.5 Coordination -- 5.6 Methodologies -- 5.7 Modeling and Simulating Complexity -- 5.8 Conclusion -- 5.9 Further Reading -- References -- 6 Self-organization -- 6.1 Short Historical Notes -- 6.2 Concepts of Self-organizing Systems -- 6.3 Emergence -- 6.4 Self-organization Versus Emergence -- 6.5 Mechanisms for Self-organizing Multi-agent Systems -- 6.5.1 Information-Based Perspectives -- 6.5.2 Interaction-Based Perspectives -- 6.5.3 Other Self-organizing Mechanisms -- 6.6 Conclusion -- 6.7 Further Reading -- References -- 7 Game Theory -- 7.1 Short Historical Notes -- 7.2 Representation of the Games -- 7.2.1 Strategic Form -- 7.2.2 Extensive Form -- 7.2.3 Coalitional Form -- 7.3 Types of Games -- 7.3.1 Cooperative, Competitive and Hybrid Games -- 7.3.2 Symmetric Versus Asymmetric Games -- 7.3.3 Zero-Sum Versus Non-zero-Su.