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The book describes several techniques used to bridge the semantic gap and reflects on recent advancements in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). It presents insights into and the theoretical foundation of various essential concepts related to image searches, together with examples of natural and texture image types. The book discusses key challenges and research topics in the context of image retrieval, and provides descriptions of various image databases used in research studies.

The area of image retrieval, and especially content-based image retrieval (CBIR), is a very exciting one, both for research and for commercial applications. The book explains the low-level features that can be extracted from an image (such as color, texture, shape) and several techniques used to successfully bridge the semantic gap in image retrieval, making it a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the area of CBIR alike.

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The book describes several techniques used to bridge the semantic gap and reflects on recent advancements in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). It presents insights into and the theoretical foundation of various essential concepts related to image searches, together with examples of natural and texture image types. The book discusses key challenges and research topics in the context of image retrieval, and provides descriptions of various image databases used in research studies.

The area of image retrieval, and especially content-based image retrieval (CBIR), is a very exciting one, both for research and for commercial applications. The book explains the low-level features that can be extracted from an image (such as color, texture, shape) and several techniques used to successfully bridge the semantic gap in image retrieval, making it a valuable resource for students and researchers interested in the area of CBIR alike.

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Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Acronyms -- 1 Content-Based Image Retrieval: An Introduction -- Abstract -- 1.1 Multimedia Information Retrieval -- 1.2 Image Retrieval -- 1.2.1 Text-Based Image Retrieval -- 1.2.2 Content-Based Image Retrieval -- 1.3 Low-Level Features of an Image -- 1.3.1 Color -- 1.3.1.1 Color Space -- 1.3.1.2 Color Moments -- 1.3.1.3 Color Histogram -- 1.3.1.4 Color Coherence Vector -- 1.3.1.5 Color Correlogram -- 1.3.1.6 Invariant Color Features -- 1.3.2 Texture -- 1.3.2.1 Tamura Features -- 1.3.2.2 Coarseness -- 1.3.2.3 Contrast -- 1.3.2.4 Directionality -- 1.3.2.5 Wold Features -- 1.3.2.6 Simultaneous autoregressive (SAR) model -- 1.3.2.7 Gabor Filter Features -- 1.3.2.8 Wavelet Transform Features -- 1.3.3 Shape -- 1.3.3.1 Moment Invariants -- 1.3.3.2 Turning Angles -- 1.3.3.3 Fourier Descriptors -- 1.4 Spatial Information -- 1.5 Visual Content Descriptor -- 1.6 Similarity Measures and Indexing Schemes -- 1.7 User Interaction -- 1.7.1 Query Specification -- 1.7.2 Relevance Feedback -- 1.8 Performance Evaluation -- 1.9 Conclusion -- References -- 2 Content-Based Image Retrieval Techniques: A Review -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 A Technical Review of Content-Based Image Retrieval Techniques -- 2.3 Summary -- References -- 3 Region-Based Image Retrieval -- Abstract -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 A Framework for ROI-Based Image Retrieval -- 3.3 System Designated ROI (SDR) Approaches -- 3.4 User-Designated ROI (UDR) Approaches -- 3.5 Bridging Semantic Gap -- 3.6 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Similarity Measures and Performance Evaluation -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Similarity Measures -- 4.2.1 Minkowski-Form Distance -- 4.2.2 Kullback–Leibler Divergence -- 4.2.3 Chi-square Statistic -- 4.2.4 Histogram Intersection Distance -- 4.2.5 Bhattacharya Distance -- 4.2.6 Mahalanobis Distance -- 4.2.7 Canberra Distance -- 4.2.8 Earth Mover Distance -- 4.2.9 Quadratic Form Distance -- 4.2.10 Hausdorff Distance -- 4.2.11 Kolmogorov–Smirnov Statistic -- 4.2.12 Integrated Region Matching -- 4.3 Performance Evaluation -- 4.3.1 User Comparison -- 4.3.2 Precision and Recall -- 4.3.3 Precision–Recall Graph -- 4.3.4 Average Precision -- 4.3.5 F-Score -- 4.3.6 Average Normalized Modified Retrieval Rank (ANMRR) -- 4.4 Summary -- References -- 5 MPEG-7: Multimedia Content Description Standard -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 MPEG-7 Standard Scope -- 5.2 MPEG Context and Applications -- 5.2.1 MPEG Context -- 5.2.2 MPEG-7 Applications -- 5.2.2.1 Pull Applications -- 5.2.2.2 Push Applications -- 5.2.2.3 Universal Multimedia Access -- 5.2.2.4 Other Application Domains -- 5.3 MPEG-7 Constructs -- 5.3.1 MPEG-7 Parts -- 5.3.2 MPEG-7 Basic Constructs -- 5.3.3 MPEG-7 Extensibility -- 5.4 MPEG-7 Description Definition Language (DDL) -- 5.5 MPEG-7 Multimedia Description Schemes -- 5.5.1 Basic Elements -- 5.5.2 Content Description Tools -- 5.5.3 Content Organization, Navi.