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In everything from philosophical ethics to legal argument to public activism, it has become commonplace to appeal to human dignity. Dignity refers to the fundamental moral worth or status supposedly belonging to all persons equally. But this is relatively new. In this volume, leading scholars across a range of disciplines attempt to clarify the variegated and murky history of "dignity," and explain how it arrived it is current and historically unusual meaning.

In everything from philosophical ethics to legal argument to public activism, it has become commonplace to appeal to the idea of human dignity. In such contexts, the concept of dignity typically signifies something like the fundamental moral status belonging to all humans. Remarkably, however, it is only in the last century that this meaning of the term has become standardized. Before this, dignity was instead a concept associated with social status. Unfortunately, this transformation remains something of a mystery in existing scholarship. Exactly when and why did "dignity" change its meaning? And before this change, was it truly the case that we lacked a conception of human worth akin to the one that "dignity" now represents? In this volume, leading scholars across a range of disciplines attempt to answer such questions by clarifying the presently murky history of "dignity," from classical Greek thought through the Middle Ages and Enlightenment to the present day.

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Section	Section Description	Page Number
List of Figures	p. ix
Series Foreword   Christia Mercer	p. xi
Acknowledgments	p. xiii
List of Contributors	p. xvii
Introduction	p. 1
1	Dignity in Homer and Classical Greece   Patrice Rankine	p. 19
2	Dignity in Roman and Stoic Thought   Miriam Griffin	p. 47
    Reflection Dignity in Confucian and Buddhist Thought   David B. Wong	p. 67
3	In the Image of God: Human Dignity after the Fall   Bonnie Kent	p. 73
4	Islamic Conceptions of Dignity: Historical Trajectories and Paradigms   Mustafa Shah	p. 99
5	Dignity, Vile Bodies, and Nakedness: Giovanni Pico and Giannozzo Manetti   Brian Copenhaver	p. 127
    Reflection Portraiture, Social Positioning, and Displays of Dignity in Early Modern London   Edward Town	p. 175
6	Equal Dignity and Rights   Stephen Darwall	p. 181
7	Human Dignity Before Kant: Denis Diderot''s Passionate Person   Remy Debes	p. 203
8	Dignity; Kant''s Revolutionary Conception   Oliver Sensen	p. 237
    Reflection A Time for Dignity   Charles W. Mills	p. 263
9	On Bourgeois Dignity: Making the Self-Made Man   Christine Dunn Henderson	p. 269
    Reflection Taking Refuge from History in Morality: Marx, Morality, and Dignity   Somogy Varga	p. 291
10	Universalizing Dignity in the Nineteenth Century   Mika Lavaque-Manty	p. 301
    Reflection Why Bioethics Isn''t Ready for Human Dignity   Marcus Düwell	p. 323
11	Sympathy and Dignity in Early Africans Philosophy   Bernard Boxill	p. 333
    Reflection Death and Dignity in American Law   Emma Kaufman	p. 361
Bibliography	p. 369
Index	p. 399