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One of the most intriguing questions about the new computer technology that has appeared over the past few decades is whether we humans will ever be able to make computers learn. As is painfully obvious to even the most casual computer user, most current computers do not. Yet if we could devise learning techniques that enable computers to routinely improve their performance through experience, the impact would be enormous. The result would be an explosion of new computer applications that would suddenly become economically feasible (e. g. , personalized computer assistants that automatically tune themselves to the needs of individual users), and a dramatic improvement in the quality of current computer applications (e. g. , imagine an airline scheduling program that improves its scheduling method based on analyzing past delays). And while the potential economic impact of successful learning methods is sufficient reason to invest in research into machine learning, there is a second significant reason: studying machine learning helps us understand our own human learning abilities and disabilities, leading to the possibility of improved methods in education. While many open questions remain about the methods by which machines and humans might learn, significant progress has been made.

One of the most intriguing questions about the new computer technology that has appeared over the past few decades is whether we humans will ever be able to make computers learn. As is painfully obvious to even the most casual computer user, most current computers do not. Yet if we could devise learning techniques that enable computers to routinely improve their performance through experience, the impact would be enormous. The result would be an explosion of new computer applications that would suddenly become economically feasible (e. g. , personalized computer assistants that automatically tune themselves to the needs of individual users), and a dramatic improvement in the quality of current computer applications (e. g. , imagine an airline scheduling program that improves its scheduling method based on analyzing past delays). And while the potential economic impact of successful learning methods is sufficient reason to invest in research into machine learning, there is a second significant reason: studying machine learning helps us understand our own human learning abilities and disabilities, leading to the possibility of improved methods in education. While many open questions remain about the methods by which machines and humans might learn, significant progress has been made.

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CONTENTS
Foreword = ⅶ
Preface = ⅸ
1. Acquistion of LISP Programming Skill / John R. Anderson ; Albert T. Corbett = 1
2. Learning by Explaining Examples to Oneself : A Computational Model / Kurt VanLehn ; Randolph M. Jones = 25
3. Learning Schemas from Explanations in Practical Electronics / David E. Kieras = 83
4. Statistical and Cognitive Models of Learning Through Instruction / Sandra P. Marshall = 119
5. The Interaction between Knowledge and Practice in the Acquistion of Cognitive Skills / Stellan Ohlsson = 147
6. Correcting Imperfect Domain Theories : A Knowledge-Level Analysis / Scott . Huffman ; Douglas J. Pearson ; John E. Laird = 209
7. A Cognitive Science Approach to Case-Based Planning / Kristian J. Hammond ; Colleen M. Seifert = 245
8. Bias in Planning and Explanation-Based Learning / Paul S. Rosenbloom ; Soowon Lee ; Amy Unruh = 269
9. Knowledge Acquisition and Natural Language Processing / Robert Wilensky = 309