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Despite the advances in understanding the phenomena that occur on a catalyst surface, much of the successful catalyst development and use continues to be half science and half art. The art resides in the practical knowledge of experts in the development and use of commercial catalysts-it comes with experience. Now the background needed to nurture the experience and inspire the art is collected along with the science into a single volume.

Whether called upon to select or improve a catalyst, design a process, diagnose operating problems, or improve existing processes, the Handbook of Commercial Catalysts provides the information needed to form a basis for the task. It offers a starting point by providing a broad overview of 150 major commercial processes and the heterogeneous catalyst used for each. The author has arranged them according to specific reaction or reaction type, and supplies reference citations for deeper research. He offers valuable insghts-based on chemistry, thermodynamics, and surface science-that provide a framework for rational reasoning about catalyst performance.

With data collected from the existing literature, from the in-house specialists of commercial vendors, and from his own extensive experience, the author discusses for each reaction:

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ACETOXYLATION	Ethylene + Acetic Acid a Vinyl Acetate	Butadiene + Acetic Acid a 1,4 Diacetoxy-2-Butene a 1,4 Butanediol a Tetrahydrofuran	Propylene + Acetic Acid a Allyl Acetate a Allyl Alcohol	ALKYLATION	Introduction	Alkylation of Benzene and Toluene	Alkylation of Phenols	Higher Alkylphenols	Alkylation of Polynuclear Aromatics	Alkylation of Aromatic Amines	Transalkylation and Disproportionation	Lower Aliphatic Amines by Alkylation of Ammonia (Amination)	AMMONOLYSIS	Phenol + Ammonia a Aniline	Meta-Cresol + Ammonia a Meta-Toludine	Diethylene Glycol + Ammonia a Morpholine	AMMOXIDATION	Propylene a Acrylonitrile	Methane a HCN	Isobutylene a Methacrylonitrile	Aromatic Methyl Compounds a Nitriles	CARBONYLATION	Carboxylation of Olefins to Carboxylic Acids	Carbon Monoxide + Chlorine a Phosgene	DEHYDRATION OF ALCOHOLS	1-Phenylethanol a Styrene	DEHYDROCHLORINATION	C10 - C13 Chloridea Linear Olefins	DEHYDROGENATION	Dehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene	Styrene Derivatives from Other Alkyl Aromatics	Dehydrogenation of Lower Alkanes	Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones	Three Other Dehydrogenations	EXPOXIDATION	Ethylbenzene a Propylene Oxide + Styrene	HYDRATION	Ethylene a Ethanol	Propylene a Isopropyl Alcohol	N-ButenesaSec-Butanol	Acrylonitrile a Alkylamide	HYDROCHLORINATION	Alkenes	Alcohols	HYDROGENATION	General Background	Hydrogenation of Aromatic Rings	Hydrogenation of Heterocyclic Compounds	Hydrogenation of Aliphatic Unsaturates	Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Amines	Hydrogenation of Nitroaromatics	Hydrogenation of Haloaromatics	Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds	Hydrogenation of Resins, Rosins, and Waxes	Selective Hydrogenation of Fats and Oils	Miscellaneous Hydrogenations	HYDROGENOLYSIS	Natural Fatty Acids and Fatty Esters a Fatty Alcohols	Dimethylterephthalate a 1,4 Dimethylolcyclohexane	Toluene a Benzene (Hydroalkylation)	Methyl and Dimethyl Napthalene	ISOMERIZATION 	Meta-Xylene a Para and Ortho-Xylene	OXIDATION (INORGANIC)	Sulfur Dioxide a Sulfur Trioxide a Sulfuric Acid	Ammonia a Nitric Oxide a Nitrogen Dioxide a Nitric Acid	Hydfrogen Sulfide a Sulfur	OXIDATION (ORGANICS)	General	Ethylene a Ethylene Oxide	Propene a Acrolein	Propene a Acrolein a Acrylic Acid	Butane or Benzene a Maleic Anhydride	Ortho-Xylene or Naphthalene a Phthalic Anhydride	Anthracene a Anthraquinone	Methanol a Formaldehyde	Isobutylene or Tert-Butyl Alcohol a Methacrolein a Methacrylic Acid	OXYCHLORINATION	Ethylene a 1,2 Dichloroethane a Vinyl Chloride	PETROLEUM REFINING 	Catalytic Reforming	Hydroprocessing (General)	Hydrotreating	Hydrocracking	Isomerization	Oligomerization (Polymer Gasoline Production)	Fluid Catalytic Cracking	Oxygenates	SYNTHESIS GAS AND ITS PRODUCTS	Historical Background	Modern Synthesis Gas Production	High and Low Temperature Shift Conversion (CO + H2O a H2 + CO2)	Naphtha Steam Reforming	Methanol Synthesis (Carbon Monoxide + Hydrogen a Methanol)	Pure Carbon Monoxide from Synthesis Gas and Its Uses	Pure Hydrogen from Synthesis Gases and Its Uses	Ammonia Synthesis (Nitrogen + Hydrogen a Ammonia)	Appendix	

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