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Although Le Corbusier never explicitly defined his concept of self, Richards finds extensive evidence of it in the urbanist's writings and work. Richards argues that Le Corbusier was indebted to Enlightenment philosopher Blaise Pascal, who believed the individual should withdraw from society and meditate in solitude on the nature of God and self. Le Corbusier's cities were designed accordingly to isolate people in cell-like apartments for the purpose of spiritual self-exploration. Richards explores Le Corbusier's position in 20th-century intellectual life in the light of this fresh understanding, and he identifies a previously unrecognized alignment between the thought of Le Corbusier and of such figures as Albert Camus and Georges Bataille.

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CONTENTS
List of illustrations = ⅶ
Introduction = 1
  The Argument in Brief = 1
  Why 'Concept of Self?' = 4
  How to Go About It = 9
A Two-Part Project = 11
Ⅰ 'The Lawgiver' = 19
  Preface = 21
  1. 1914-1929 : Technocracy = 23
    The Promise of War = 23
    'It is "right" and therefore immutable' = 28
  2. 1930-1940 : Syndicalism = 37
    The 'Timid People' = 37
    'Awakening of Cleanliness' = 41
  3. 1941-1942 : Vichy = 54
    'Through Strange Avatars' = 54
    'The Lawgiver' = 59
Ⅱ The Science of Painting = 67
  Preface = 69
  4. L e ´ ger and the Purist Object = 73
    A Formal Pursuit? = 73
    L e ´ ger's 'Knowledge' = 80
  5. Conventionalism = 90
    Poincar e ´ : Purist Space = 91
    The 'Modulor' = 100
  6. Ozenfant's Impasse = 112
Ⅲ 'Pascal's Desideratum' = 123
  Preface = 125
  7. Pascal : Preparing the Machine = 128
  8. 'Wisdom Builds Its Own House' = 137
    Alchemy and Le Po e ` me de l'angle droit = 138
    Jung : A Society of One = 158
  9. Bataille and Camus : 'Vers la limite critique' = 171
    'Vers la limite critique' = 172
    'The Difference in Blood' = 176
Conclusion = 188
  The City as a Source of Interest and Meaning = 188
  The Worth of Le Corbusier's Concept of Self = 197
Notes = 203
Bibliography = 276
Acknowledgements = 290
Index = 291