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Building on a critical overview of current social movement theory, this book presents a structural model for analyzing social movements in advanced capitalism. This model provides a historically specific analysis that locates movements in global, national, regional, and local structures. The heart of the book draws on diverse theoretical traditions within sociology to specify the structural constraints and opportunities that comprise the environment in which movements mobilize and contest for power. These theoretical traditions include world system theory; critical theory; theories of class, race, and gender; and theories of everyday life. Movement dynamics are explored in terms of their dialectical relationship with these multiple levels of structure. The book also addresses the false dichotomies between political and cultural dimensions of social activism, and restores a critical, normative dimension to the analysis of social movements. Buechler makes a unique argument about the need to reorient social movement theory toward the structural, macrolevel contexts in which movements arise. Clearly presented, this thoughtful introduction links the theoretical traditions that make up the core of the discipline to the subfield of social movements. It is an excellent supplementary text for advanced undergraduate or graduate courses in sociology as well as for courses in such related disciplines as collective action and political protest.Social Movements in Advanced Capitalism contains a detailed, critical overview of the collective behavior and social movement theories that have taken place over the past fifty years.

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CONTENTS

Introduction = xi

PART ONE The Sociology of Social Movements = 1

 1. Social Movements and Sociology : Siblings of Modernity = 3

  The Origins of the Social Movement = 4

  The Rise of Sociology = 11

  Conclusions = 16

 2. Social Movement Theory : A Sociology of Knowledge Analysis = 19

  Classical Collective Behavior Theory = 20

   Collective Behavior Ⅰ : Symbolic Interactionism = 21

   Collective Behavior Ⅱ : Structural-Functionalism = 25

   Collective Behavior Ⅲ : Relative Deprivation = 28

   The Limits of Classical Collective Behavior Theory = 30

  Recent Social Movement Theory = 32

   The Resource Mobilization Paradigm = 34

   Social Constructionist Theory = 40

   New Social Movement Theory = 45

   The State of the Art = 51

PART TWO Sociohistorical Structures and Collective Action = 59

 3. Global Structures and Social Movements : The World-Capitalist System = 61

  A Structural Approach to Social Movements = 61

  The Global Level of Sociohistorical Structure = 63

   World-System Theory = 64

   World-System Dynamics = 66

  Global Structures and Social Movements = 69

   Social Movements in Core Countries : The U.S. Case = 72

   World-System Dynamics and U.S. Movements = 74

   Transnational Social Movements = 77

 4. National Structures and Social Movements : Crisis, Colonization, and Post-Fordism = 79

  The National Level of Sociohistorical Structure = 80

   Crisis Tendencies = 80

   Colonization Dynamics = 80

   Post-Fordist Transitions = 86

  National Structures and Social Movements = 88

   Crisis Tendencies and Social Activism : A Dialectical Relation = 88

   Colonzation Dynamics and Social Movements : A Critical Appraisal = 96

   Social Movements in a Post-Fordist World = 102

 5. Regional Structures and Social Movements : Class, Race, and Gender = 105

  The Regional Level of Sociohistorical Structure = 150

   The Class Structure of Power = 107

   The Racial Structure of Power = 112

   The Gender Structure of Power = 117

  Regional Structures and Social Movements = 122

   Class Movements : Au Revoir? = 123

   Racial Movements : New Social Movement Prototypes? = 131

   Gender Movements : The Longest War? = 137

 6. Local Structures and Social Movements : The Politics of Everyday Life = 145

  The Local Level of Sociohistorical Structure = 145

   The Social Construction of Reality = 145

   Structuration Processes = 147

   The Microphysics of Power = 148

  Local Structures and Social Movements = 149

   Life Politics and Everyday Resistance = 150

   The Battleground of Identity = 151

   Whither Public and Private? = 154

   The Return of Collective Behavior = 156

  A Structural Approach Revisited = 159

PART THREE The Political and the Cultural in Collective Action = 161

 7. The Political : State Politics and Social Politics = 163

  Social Movements and State Politics = 164

   The State as Intermediary = 167

   The State : Classed, Raced, and Gendered = 170

   The State as a Reform Filter = 174

  Social Politics and Collective Action = 176

   Social Politics : Confronting Diffuse and Omnipresent Power = 177

   Social Politics in Social Movements = 178

   Conceptual Resolutions ; New Issues = 180

 8. The Cultural : Identity, Ideology, and Organization = 185

  The Elusive Cultural Dimension in Social Movement Theory = 186

  The Construction of Collective Identity = 188

   Modernity and Identity = 188

   Dimensions of Identity = 189

   The Continuum of Collective Identity = 191

  The Return of Grievances and Ideology = 195

   The framing of Grievances = 197

   Ideology : The Orphan of Social Movement Theory? = 200

  The Symbolism of Organizational Form = 204

   Organizational Culture in Women's Movements = 205

   Organization as a Cultural Resource = 207

  The Political and the Cultural = 209

Epilogue = 213

References = 215

Index = 233