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For Danielle Allen, punishment is more a window onto democratic Athens' fundamental values than simply a set of official practices. From imprisonment to stoning to refusal of burial, instances of punishment in ancient Athens fueled conversations among ordinary citizens and political and literary figures about the nature of justice. Re-creating in vivid detail the cultural context of this conversation, Allen shows that punishment gave the community an opportunity to establish a shining myth of harmony and cleanliness: that the city could be purified of anger and social struggle, and perfect order achieved. Each member of the city--including notably women and slaves--had a specific role to play in restoring equilibrium among punisher, punished, and society. The common view is that democratic legal processes moved away from the "emotional and personal" to the "rational and civic," but Allen shows that anger, honor, reciprocity, spectacle, and social memory constantly prevailed in Athenian law and politics.


Allen draws upon oratory, tragedy, and philosophy to present the lively intellectual climate in which punishment was incurred, debated, and inflicted by Athenians. Broad in scope, this book is one of the first to offer both a full account of punishment in antiquity and an examination of the political stakes of democratic punishment. It will engage classicists, political theorists, legal historians, and anyone wishing to learn more about the relations between institutions and culture, normative ideas and daily events, punishment and democracy.

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CONTENTS

PREFACE = xi

INTRODUCTION = 3

PART ONE : THE PRELIMINARIES = 13

 CHAPTER ONE What Is Punishment? = 15

  Introduction = 15

  "Revenge" versus "Punishment" : Rereading the Oresteia = 18

  Studying Punishment as Authority : Reading the Prometheus Bound = 25

  Pr$$e'$$cis = 35

 CHAPTER TWO Institutional Context = 39

  Introduction = 39

  Penal Institutions and Democratic Power = 40

  The Lay Prosecutor and the Parameters of Judgment = 45

 CHAPTER THREE Cultural Context = 50

  Anger／Orge = 50

  The Agon and Honor = 59

  Reciprocity = 62

  Social Momory, Social Knowledge = 65

  Language = 68

  Conclusion = 72

 CHAPTER FOUR Punishment and Its Tragic Problems = 73

  The Mythic Imaginary = 73

  Method = 75

  Disease and Remedy = 77

  Power, Tyranny, and Law = 86

  Conclusion = 94

PART TWO : THE PROCESS OF PUNISHING = 97

 CHAPTER FIVE Initiation, Part One = 99

  Knowledge, Power, Action = 99

  Investigation = 102

  Initiation : Metics, Proxenoi, and Xenoi = 107

  Initiation : Slaves = 109

  Initiation : Women = 111

 CHAPTER SIX Initiation, Part Two = 122

  The Male Citizen Prosecutor = 122

  Back to the Bees and Wasps Again = 128

  The Household : Women and Men Together = 134

  City as Collective = 141

 CHAPTER SEVEN The Negotiation of Desert, Part One = 147

  The Magic of Speech = 147

  Pity and Anger = 148

  The First Norm of Public Agency : Deserving to Punish and Dispelling Charges of Sycophancy = 151

 CHAPTER EIGHT The Negotiation of Desert, Part Two = 168

  Introduction = 168

  The Second Norm of Public Agency : Using Social Memory and Law = 168

  The Rule of Judgment versus the Rule of Law = 179

  The Rule of Law in Plato and Aristotle = 183

  The Third Norm of Public Agency : Shaping the Democratic Community = 190

 CHAPTER NINE Execution = 197

  War, Peace, and the Formalism of Punishment = 197

  The Details : Punishments and Their Executors = 200

  Two Forms of Memory : Remembering and Forgetting = 202

  The Symbolism of Remembering and Forgetting = 205

  War and Peace, the Body and Silence = 213

  Punishments of Reintegration = 224

  Punishments that Redefine the "Whole" Community = 232

  The Amnesty = 237

PART THREE : INTERVENTIONS IN THE CONVERSATION = 243

 CHAPTER TEN Plato's Paradigm Shifts = 245

  The Symbol of Leontios = 245

  Reform over Reciprocity = 247

  The Erasure of Orge = 251

  Undoing the Athenian "Principle of the Public" : The Republic = 257

  The Just City and the Power of the Symbol = 263

  The Incurables and the Necessity for Anger／Orge in the Just City of the Laws = 277

 CHAPTER ELEVEN Aristotle's Compromises = 282

  On Justice and Desert = 282

EPILOGUE : The Reform of Prometheus and Promethean Rebellion = 293

APPENDIXES

 A. The Number of Magistrates in Athens = 305

 B. The Nature and Scope of Arbitration in Athens = 317

 C. The Relative Frequency of Penal Words within Each Orator = 323

 D. Further Argument about the Decree of Cannonus = 324

 E. Catalog of Cases of Punishing(or Attempts at Punishing) in Tragedy = 326

ENDNOTES = 333

BIBLIOGRAPHY = 405

INDEX = 431