상세정보

As cities sprawl across Latin America, absorbing more and more of its people, crime and violence have become inescapable.

From the paramilitary invasion of Medell n in Colombia, the booming wealth of crack dealers in Managua, Nicaragua and police corruption in Mexico City, to the glimmers of hope in Lima, this book provides a dynamic analysis of urban insecurity. Based on new empirical evidence, interviews with local people and historical contextualization, the authors attempts to shed light on the fault-lines which have appeared in Latin American society.

Neoliberal economic policy, it is argued, has intensified the gulf between elites, insulated in gated estates monitored by private security firms, and the poor, who are increasingly mistrustful of state-sponsored attempts to impose order on their slums. Rather than the current trend towards government withdrawal, the situation can only be improved by co-operation between communities and police to build new networks of trust. In the end, violence and insecurity are inseparable from social justice and democracy.

정보제공 :

Acknowledgements		ix
About the Contributors		xi
1	Introduction: Violence and Fear in Latin America	Dirk Kruijt; Kees Koonings; 	1
Violence and Nation-building in Latin America		4
Violence in the Traditional Order		6
Mass Politics, Political Violence and ''Internal Warfare''		8
Violence in Post-authoritarian Latin America		11
Threatening a Peaceful Social Order: Poverty, Informality and Exclusion		12
Societies of Fear: Their Causes and Consequences		15
Outline of the Book		19
Part I	The Social, Political and Ethnic Dimensions of Civil War		31
2	Exercises in State Terrorism: the Counter-insurgency Campaigns in Guatemala and Peru	Dirk Kruijt; 	33
Peru: the Civil War, Shining Path and the Military		34
Guatemala: the Permanent Low Intensity Warfare		43
Concluding Remarks		52
Appendix I	National Executives of Peru, 1930-99		55
Appendix II	National Executives of Guatemala, 1930-99		56
3	Reaping the Whirlwind: the Rondas Campesinas and the Defeat of Sendero Luminoso in Ayacucho	Carlos Ivan Degregori; 	63
The Rural Young and the Peasantry		63
The Organization of Production		66
The New Power		67
Andean vs Senderista Rationality		68
The Security of the Population		74
Adaptation-in-resistance		75
Externalization		75
Peasant Resistance and the Rondas Campesinas		77
Blind Spots and the Defeat of Shining Path		80
Essences in Action		81
Conceptions of Time and Space		82
Andean Culture		83
4	''Welcome to the Nightmare'': Thoughts on the Faceless Warriors of the Lacandona Revolt of 1994 (Chiapas, Mexico)	Arij Ouweneel; 	88
Inside and Outside		88
Voices from the Jungle		90
Voices from the Mountain		92
Restoring Order		97
Part II	The Long-term Consequences of Violence, Terror and Fear		103
5	Political Violence in Post-revolutionary Mexico	Alan Knight; 	105
6	The Fear of Indifference: Combatants'' Anxieties about the Political Identity of Civilians during Argentina''s Dirty War	Antonius Robben; 	125
The Emergence of Political Violence in Argentina		126
The Structure of Enmity in the 1970s		129
Enemy, Friend and Indifferent		132
Undecidables and the Uncanny		135
Violence and Morality		138
7	From the Banality of Violence to Real Terror: the Case of Colombia	Daniel Pecaut; 	141
Connecting Types of Violence		142
Everyday Violence: Individual Careers and the Logic of Protection		147
The Practices of Terror		152
Silent Terror		158
Conclusion		164
Part III	Peaceful Democratic Transitions? Prospects and Problems		169
8	Collective Memories, Fears and Consensus: the Political Psychology of the Chilean Democratic Transition	Patricio Silva; 	171
The Lasting Memories of the Past		173
The Institutionalization of Fear		176
Transition to Uncertainty		180
Fears, Trust and Consensus		185
Concluding Remarks		191
Postscript		191
9	Shadows of Violence and Political Transition in Brazil: from Military Rule to Democratic Governance	Kees Koonings; 	197
The Rise and Demise of Military Authoritarianism		198
The Military and Politics after 1985		212
Political and Institutional Dimensions of the New Democracy		217
The Current Threat of Violence		224
Conclusion		229
10	The Transition under Fire: Rethinking Contemporary Mexican Politics	Wil Pansters; 	235
The Pillars of Mexican Authoritarianism		237
Authoritarianism and Change		240
Questioning the Mexican Transition		242
Elections		244
Corporatism		248
The Temporal Horizon		249
The Universe of Primordial Loyalties		251
Transition, Violence and Fear		255
Concluding Remarks		259
11	A Loss of Purpose: Crisis and Transition in Cuba	Gert Oostindie; 	264
The Demise of the Revolution		264
The Mid-1990s Crises		266
Economic Decline		267
Dissidence and Repression		268
The Crisis Within		269
The Resurgence of ''Race''		272
The Crisis Within: Pain, Anger and Fear		274
Habana Vieja		276
The Regime''s Staying Power		277
Scenarios for a Transition		279
Fin de Siecle		281
Postscript		283
12	Epilogue: Notes on Terror, Violence, Fear and Democracy	Edelberto Torres-Rivas; 	285
Democracy is not Irreversible		285
Violence Has No Starting Point in History		286
The Ubiquity of Violence		287
State Terrorism		289
The Trivialization of Horror		291
Transition with Fear		294
Democracy and Power without Violence		295
Bibliography		301
Index		328