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Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Nomenclature -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 State of the Art -- References -- 3 Aim of the Study -- 4 Integration of Physical and Computer Simulation -- 4.1 Characteristics of the Integrated Modelling Concept -- 4.2 Hybrid Analytical-Numerical Model of Mushy Steel Deformation -- 4.2.1 Resistance Heating Model -- 4.3 “One Decision Software”—The DEFFEM Package -- 4.4 Stereoscopic Visual Representation Algorithm for the 3D Gemini Barco Projection System -- 4.5 Summary -- References -- 5 Spatial Solutions Based on the Smoothed Particle Method and the Finite Element Method—A Hybrid Approach -- 5.1 The Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method -- 5.1.1 Fluid Model -- 5.1.2 Thermal Model -- 5.2 Test Cases to Validate the Fluid Solver -- 5.2.1 Free Particles Fall -- 5.2.2 Structure Impact -- 5.3 Test Simulation of the Hybrid Solution -- 5.4 Summary -- References -- 6 Spatial Solutions Based on the Finite Element Method and the Monte Carlo Method—A Multi-scale Approach -- 6.1 Thermal Model -- 6.1.1 Discretization for Steady Heat Flow Cases -- 6.1.2 Discretization for Transient Heat Flow Cases -- 6.2 Solidification Model -- 6.3 Mechanical Model -- 6.3.1 Spatial Solution -- 6.3.1.1 Transformation of the Coordinate System and Integration -- 6.3.1.2 Time Problem -- 6.4 Grain Growth Model in the Comprehensive Description of the Heating-Melting-Solidification Process (Multi-scale Approach) -- References -- 7 Computer-Aided Physical Simulations Within the Context of New Technology Development -- 7.1 Material and Test Methodology -- 7.1.1 Samples and Tools -- 7.1.2 The Determination of Characteristic Temperatures -- 7.1.3 Thermal Process Map (TPM) -- 7.2 Preliminary Experimental and Computer Simulation Research of Steel Deformation in the Semi-solid State -- 7.2.1 The Dependence of Steel Microstructure Parameters on the Cooling Rate During Solidification -- 7.2.2 High-Temperature Stress-Strain Relationships -- 7.2.3 Steel Ductility in the Continuous Casting Process -- 7.2.4 Deformation Above Nil Ductility Temperature -- 7.2.5 Macrostructure and Microstructure -- 7.3 Summary -- References -- 8 An Integrated Modelling Concept Based upon Axially Symmetrical Models -- 8.1 Direct Simulation Using the Gleeble Thermo-Mechanical Simulator -- 8.1.1 Testing the Temperature Distribution -- 8.1.2 Macrostructure and Microstructure -- 8.2 Application of Tomography to the Spatial Analysis of the Melting Zone -- 8.3 Numerical Modelling with the DEFFEM Simulation System -- 8.3.1 Modelling of the Resistance Heating Process -- 8.3.1.1 Example Results of Resistance Heating -- 8.3.2 Modelling of the Deformation Process -- 8.3.2.1 Rheological Model -- 8.3.2.2 The Numerical Identification Methodology (NIM) for the Low Temperature Range -- 8.3.2.3 The Direct Identification Methodology (DIM) for the Extra-High Temperature Range -- 8.3.2.4 The Numerical Identification Methodology (NIM) for the Extra-High Temperature Range -- 8.4 Summary -- References -- 9 An Integrated Modelling Concept Based upon Three-Dimensional Models -- 9.1 Modified Experimental Research Methodology -- 9.2 Resistance Heating Model -- 9.3 Modelling of the Resistance Heating Process -- 9.4 Modelling of the Deformation Process -- 9.5 Conceptual Microstructure Estimation Methodology -- 9.6 Modelling Grain Growth in a Complex Approach of the Heating-Melting-Cooling Process -- 9.6.1 Research Methodology and Plan -- 9.6.2 Macrostructural Tests -- 9.6.3 Numerical Modelling of Grain Growth -- 9.7 Summary -- References -- 10 Summary and Future Work -- Appendix A: Thermo-physical Properties of the S355 Grade Steel -- Appendix B: Thermo-physical Properties of the C45 Grade Steel -- Appendix C: Complete Source Code: Steady Heat Flow -- Appendix D: Subroutine: Gauss Method -- Appendix E: Subroutine: Transformation and Integration (3D) -- Appendix F: Function Calculating Geometry for Stereo Presentation -- .