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This book describes in detail the use of natural cellulose fibers for the production of innovative, low-cost, and easily recyclable lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells by means of fast and reliable papermaking procedures that employ water as a solvent. In addition, it proposes specific methods to optimize the safety features of these paper-based cells and to improve the electronic conductivity of the electrodes by means of a carbonization process? an interesting novel technology that enables higher current rate capabilities to be achieved. The in-depth descriptions of materials, methods, and techniques are complemented by the inclusion of a general overview of electrochemical devices and, in particular, of different Li-ion battery configurations. Presenting the outcomes of this important research, the work is of wide interest to electrochemical engineers in both research institutions and industry.

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Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Part I Introductory Section -- 1 Electrochemical Power Sources -- Abstract -- 1.1 Glossary and Quantities Characterizing Batteries -- 1.2 Secondary Batteries -- 1.2.1 The Lead-Acid Battery -- 1.2.2 The Nickel-Cadmium Battery -- 1.2.3 The Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery -- References -- 2 Lithium-Based Batteries -- Abstract -- 2.1 Brief History of Lithium Batteries -- 2.2 The Lithium Batteries Today -- 2.3 Characteristics of Li-Ion Batteries -- 2.4 Working Principles of a Li-Ion Battery -- 2.5 Li-Ion Batteries Components -- 2.5.1 Anode Materials -- 2.5.1.1 Carbon Based Anode Materials -- 2.5.1.2 Tin Based Anode Materials -- 2.5.1.3 Silicon Based Anode Materials -- 2.5.1.4 Titanium Based Anode Materials -- 2.5.1.5 Transition Metal Oxides Based Anode Materials -- 2.5.2 Cathode Materials -- 2.5.2.1 Layered Transition Metal Oxides -- 2.5.2.2 Spinel Structure Compounds -- 2.5.2.3 Olivine Structured Compounds -- 2.5.2.4 Orthosilicates Compounds -- 2.5.3 Electrolytes -- 2.5.4 Separators -- 2.5.5 Binders -- References -- 3 Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives in Li-Ion Batteries -- Abstract -- 3.1 New Concepts for Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices -- 3.1.1 Paper-Based Li-Ion Batteries -- 3.1.1.1 Cellulose-Based Separators and Electrolytes -- 3.1.1.2 Cellulose-Based Electrodes -- 3.1.2 The Use of Cellulose in Other Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices -- References -- Part II Experimental and Results Section -- 4 Methods and Materials -- Abstract -- 4.1 Materials -- 4.2 Microfibrillated Cellulose Preparation -- 4.3 Composite Gel-Polymer Electrolyte (GPE) Preparation -- 4.4 Cellulose Fibre Preparation -- 4.5 Thickness, Basis Weight and Retention Measurements -- 4.6 SEM and FESEM Measurements -- 4.7 Electronic Conductivity Tests -- 4.8 Tensile Tests -- 4.9 Electrochemical Tests -- 4.9.1 Test Cells Assembly -- 4.9.2 Galvanostatic Cycling Technique -- 4.9.3 Cyclic Voltammetry -- 4.9.4 Ionic Conductivity Tests -- 4.9.5 Electrochemical Stability Measurements -- References -- 5 Electrode Preparation Exploiting Filtration -- Abstract -- 5.1 Filtration Procedure -- 5.2 Paper-Based Anode -- 5.3 Paper-Based Cathode -- 5.4 Complete All-Paper Cell -- References -- 6 Electrode Preparation Exploiting the Spray Coating Technique -- Abstract -- 6.1 Paper Substrate and Preliminary Spray Coating -- 6.2 Spray Coated Graphite Anode -- 6.2.1 Pilot-Scale Elaboration of FB–GP/CB/MFC Anodes -- 6.2.2 Evaluation of the Electrochemical Properties of FB–GP/CB/MFC Anodes -- 6.3 Spray Coated LiFePO4 Cathode -- 6.3.1 Pilot-Scale Elaboration of FB–LiFePO4/CB/MFC Cathodes -- 6.3.2 Evaluation of the Electrochemical Properties of FB–LiFePO4/CB/MFC Cathodes -- 6.4 From Bi-Layered Electrodes to Complete All-Paper Li-Ion Cell -- 6.5 Conclusions -- 6.6 Future Target and Prospective -- References -- 7 Li-Ion Cell Separator -- Abstract -- 7.1 Paper Based Separator -- 7.2 MFC Reinforced Gel Polymer Electrolytes -- References -- 8 Carbonization Procedure Towards Highly Conductive Paper Electrodes -- Abstract -- 8.1 Paper Electrodes Carbonization Procedure -- 8.2 Carbonized Paper-Anode -- 8.3 Carbonized Paper-Cathode -- References -- Conclusions -- .