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Since its creation more than eighty years ago, the famous Rorschach inkblot test has become an icon of clinical psychology and popular culture. Administered over one million times world-wide each year, the Rorschach is used to assess personality and mental illness across a wide range of circumstances: child custody disputes, educational placement decisions, employment and termination proceedings, parole determinations, and even investigations of child abuse allegations. The test's enormous power shapes the lives of hundreds of thousands of people -- often without their knowledge. In the 1970s, this notoriously subjective test was supposedly systematized and improved. But is the Rorschach more than a modern variant on tea leaf reading?

What's Wrong With the Rorschach? challenges the validity and utility of the Rorschach and explains why psychologists continue to judge people by their reactions to ink blots, in spite of a half century of largely negative scientific evidence.

What's Wrong With the Rorschach? offers a provocative critique of one of the most widely applied and influential - and still intensely controversial - psychological tests in the world today. Surveying more than fifty years of clinical and scholarly research, the authors provide compelling scientific evidence that the Rorschach has relatively little value for diagnosing mental illness, assessing personality, predicting behavior, or uncovering sexual abuse or other trauma. In this highly engaging, novelistic account of the Rorschach's origins and history, the authors detail the wealth of scientific evidence that the test is of questionable utility for real-world decision making.

What's Wrong With the Rorschach? presents a powerfully reasoned case against using the test in the courtroom or consulting room - and reveals the strong psychological, economic, and political forces that continue to support the Rorschach despite the research that has exposed its shortcomings and dangers.

James M. Wood (El Paso, TX) is Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, at the University of Texas at El Paso.

M. Teresa Nezworski (Dallas, TX) is Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Dallas.

Scott O. Lilienfeld (Atlanta, GA) is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Emory University in Atlanta.

Howard N. Garb (Pittsburgh, PA) is on the faculty at the University of Pittsburgh and the author of Studying the Clinician: Judgement Research and Psychological Assessment.

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Acknowledgments ix
 
1 A Psychological X-Ray: The Power of the Rorschach 1
 
2 A Test is Born: Origins of the Rorschach Inkblot Technique 22
 
3 The Rorschach Come to America 48
 
4 Rorschach Rules! 84
 
5 The Many-Portaled Quandary: Balkanization of the Rorschach 136
 
6 Scientists Look at the Rorschach 136
 
7 The Rorschach in Crisis 157
 
8 New Life for the Rorschach: John E. Exner’s Comprehensive System 193
 
9 The Unraveling of the Comprehensive System 217
 
10 Still Waiting for the Messiah: The Future of the Rorschach 256
 
11 Clinging to the Wreck: Why Some Psychologists Won’t let Go 284
 
12 Objection, your Honor! Keeping the Rorschach out of Court 300
 
Epilogue: Will the Rorschach go on Forever? 322
 
Appendix: Graphs on Psychometrics and the Rorschach 325
 
Notes 333
 
References 379
 
About the Authors 415
 
Name Index 417
 
Subject Index 423

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