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Praised by students as easy to understand and insightful to study, the first edition of this text has developed an outstanding reputation for its clear presentation of organizational behavior principles, both theoretical and applied. This new edition builds on the success of the first with new text features in every chapter, increased coverage of new theories, and significant addition of international applications. The text also includes a case study at the end of every chapter to enable students to apply the principles they have learned, as well as an introductory case to pique student interest. MARKETS: Designed for courses in organizational behavior or management and organizational behavior at the undergraduate and MBA level.

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CONTENTS
Preface = xx
A Word to the Student = xxiv
SECTION Ⅰ INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
 Chapter 1 People and Organizations = 4
  Introductory Case : How Much Do You Know About Organizational Behavior? = 5
  Defining the Study of Organizational Behavior = 6
   Why Study Organizational Behavior? = 6
   The Creation of Organizational Behavior = 7
   Goals of Organizational Behavior = 10
   Levels for Analyzing Organizational Behavior = 11
   What Are Organizations? = 13
   What Characteristics Do We Study? = 15
  Organizations and People at Work = 16
   The Inducements-Contributions Balance = 17
   The Effects of Organizations on People = 18
   Managers and Leaders = 20
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : Becoming an Entrepreneur = 21
   Characteristics of Managerial Work = 22
   Managerial Roles = 24
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Managers and Organization : National Resources = 25
  Behavioral Science Research = 26
   The Usefulness of Theory in Understanding Behavior = 26
   The Scientific Method = 27
   Research Methods = 29
   Data Collection Methods = 32
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : Using a Quasi-experiment to Evaluate Office Decisions = 33
  Summary = 35
  Discussion Questions = 37
  Glossary = 38
  Notes = 39
  Concluding Case : Thompson Dormitory Council = 41
  Experiential Exorcise : Office Building Construction = 45
SECTION Ⅱ INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR
 Chapter 2 Individual Characteristics : Perception and Personality = 46
  Introductory Case : Bank Runs : The Classic SFP = 47
  Perception = 48
   The Perceptual Process = 48
   Characteristics of the Object Perceived = 52
   Characteristics of the Situation = 55
   Characteristics of the Perceiver = 55
   Perceptual Errors = 58
   Discrimination and Prejudice = 61
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : The Fear of a Japanese Takeover = 63
   Self­fulfilling Prophecies = 64
   Attribution Theory = 67
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : Rising Above Prejudice Through Personal Fortitude = 68
  Personality = 69
   Personality Theories = 69
   Personality Dimensions = 72
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : The Locus of control as a Moderator of Incentives and Participation = 73
  Summary = 81
  Discussion Questions = 82
  Glossary = 82
  Notes = 84
  Concluding Case : Using Positive Pygmalion in the Fast Food Industry = 87
  Experiential Exercise : Measuring Personality = 88
 chapter 3 Motivation : Learning and Reinforcement = 90
  Introductory Case : Increasing Productivity with Employee Contest = 91
  Theories of learning and Reinforcement = 92
   Classical Conditioning = 93
   Operant Conditioning = 95
   Social Cognitive Theory = 98
  Reinforcement Contingencies = 100
   Reinforcers = 100
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Reinforcing Employee Suggestions = 103
   Positive Reinforcement Contingencies = 103
   Punishment Contingencies = 104
   Escape Contingencies = 105
   Avoidance Contingencies = 105
   Extinction Contingencies = 106
  Reward Schedules = 107
   Continuous Reward Schedules = 107
   Intermittent Reinforcement Schedules = 107
   Interval Schedules = 108
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : The Excitement of Variable Ratio Reinforcement = 109
  Behavior Modification = 111
   Behavioral Events = 112
   Behavioral Contingency Management(BCM) = 112
   Applications of OB Mod = 114
   Criticisms of OB Mod = 115
  Goal Setting = 116
   Goal-setting Theory = 116
   Goal-setting Attributes = 117
   Criticisms of Goal Setting = 119
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : Feedback, Coal Setting, and Incentives : A Field Experiment = 120
  Summary = 121
  Discussion Questions = 122
  Glossary = 123
  Notes = 124
  Concluding Case : Rewards or Punishment : Which Works Best? = 127
  Experiential Exercise : Contingency Management = 128
 Chapter4 Motivation : Needs and Outcomes = 130
  Introductory Case : Free Turkey Dinners = 131
  Need Theories : The Content of Motivation = 132
   Early Theories of Motivation = 132
   Maslow's Needs Hierarchy = 134
   McClelland's Learned Needs Theory = 139
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : Developing a Need for Achievement = 142
   Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory = 145
  Cognitive Theories : The Process of Motivation = 148
   Expectancy Theory = 148
   Equity Theory = 153
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Equity and Outrageous Executive Pay = 157
   Control Theory = 157
  Integrating and Applying Motivational Theories = 159
   Participative Management = 160
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : Motivation in a Russian Factory = 161
   People Do What They Expect to Be Rewarded for Doing = 161
  Summary = 162
  Discussion Questions = 164
  Glossary = 164
  Notes = 165
  Appendix 4-A An Illustration of Expectancy Calculations = 168
  Appendix 4-B An Illustration of Equity Theory = 170
  Concluding Case : Falsifying Safety Reports = 171
  Experiential Exorcise : Measuring Motivation = 173
 Chapter 5 lob Motivation : Evaluating and Rewarding Performance = 176
  Introductory Case : Supervising an Obnoxious Employee = 177
  Behavioral Requirements of Organizations = 178
   Multidimensionality of Performance = 178
   Types of Motivational Patterns = 179
  Evaluating Performance = 180
   Role of Performance Evaluation = 180
   Criticisms of Performance Evaluation = 181
   Performance Evaluation Methods = 182
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : How the Social Context Influences Performance Evaluations = 184
   Management by Objectives = 188
   Performance Feedback = 190
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : The Effect of Culture on Performance Appraisals = 191
  Rule Enforcement and Discipline = 192
   Compliance with Rules = 192
   Punishment = 193
   Progressive Discipline = 195
  System Rewards = 196
   Benefits = 197
   Stock Options = 198
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : The Rewards of Work = 199
   Employee Ownership = 199
  Performance Rewards = 201
   Recognition Programs = 202
   Financial Incentives = 203
  Summary = 207
  Discussion Questions = 209
  Glossary = 209
  Notes = 210
  Concluding Case : Constructive Discipline = 213
  Experiential Exercise : Deciding Pay Increases = 214
 Chapter 6 Job Design : Intrinsic Motivation = 216
  Introductory Case : Job Specialization at UPS = 217
  Job Specialization, Job Enlargement, and Job Enrichment = 218
   Job Specialization = 219
   Job Enlargement and Job Enrichment = 224
   Job Characteristics = 226
   lob Characteristics Model of Job Enrichment = 227
  Effects of Job Enrichment = 232
   Organizational Effectiveness = 232
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Job Redesign in Sweden, Japan, and the Israeli Kibbutz = 233
   Individual Differences = 234
   Criticisms of lob Enrichment = 236
  Alternative Work Scheduling = 238
   Flextime = 238
   Permanent Part Time = 239
   Job Sharing = 240
   Compressed Workweek = 242
   Telecommuting = 243
  Quality-of-Work-Life Programs = 244
   Self-directed Work Teams = 244
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : Quality-of-Work-Life Programs = 245
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : A longitudinal Study of Autonomous Work Groups = 246
   Quality Circles and Total Quality Management = 247
   Representation on the Board of Directors = 248
   Labor-Management Committees = 249
   Humor in the workplace = 250
  Summary = 251
  Discussion Questions = 252
  Glossary = 253
  Notes = 254
  Concluding Case : Labor-Management Participation Team = 258
  Experiential Exercise : Measuring Growth Need Strength = 260
 Chapter 7 Job Attitudes and Behavior = 262
  Introductory Case : How Do You Feel About Your lob? = 263
  Attitudes = 264
   What Are Attitudes? = 264
   Attitude Change = 267
   The Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior = 268
  Values = 270
   What Are Values? = 271
   Moral Development = 271
   Job Involvement = 274
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : A Successful Work Ethic = 275
   Organizational Commitment = 276
   The Work Ethic = 278
  Job Satisfaction = 280
   The Concept of Job Satisfaction = 281
   Determinants of Job Satisfaction = 282
   Measuring Job Satisfaction = 283
   Levels of Job Satisfaction = 285
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : The Relative Importance of Work Goals = 290
  Job Satisfaction and Behavior = 290
   Performance = 291
   Attendance : Absenteeism and Tardiness = 292
   Turnover = 293
   Physical and Mental Health = 293
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : The Effects of Employee Ownership on Attitudes and Turnover = 294
  Summary = 295
  Discussion Questions = 297
  Glossary = 297
  Notes = 298
  Concluding Case : The Decline of Corporate Loyalty = 303
  Experiential Exercise : Job Attitudes = 304
 Chapter 8 Job Adaptation : Careers and Stress = 306
  Introductory Case : On Being an Emergency Medical Technician = 307
  Careers = 308
   Socialization = 308
   Understanding Careers = 311
   Stages of Career Development = 313
   Career Choices = 317
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : He Stress of Termination = 320
   Career Planning = 322
   Work and Family = 324
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : Work and Family Conflict in Dual-Career Families = 326
  Stress = 327
   Mental Health = 328
   Physiology of Stress = 329
   Stress Management = 334
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Karoshi : Working Oneself to Death in Japan = 336
  Summary = 340
  Discussion Questions = 341
  Glossary = 342
  Notes = 343
  Concluding Case : Rites of Passage or Sex Discrimination? = 347
  Experiential Exercise : Stress and Adaptation : Self-Assessment = 348
SECTION Ⅲ GROUP AND INTERGROUP BEHAVIOR
 Chapter 9 Group Dynamics = 354
  Introductory Case : Covering the Reception Desk = 355
  Types of Groups = 356
   Formal Groups = 356
   Informal Groups = 357
  Group Formation = 358
   Why Groups Form = 359
   Group Development = 361
  Group Structure = 365
   Group Size = 365
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : Using Electronic Brainstorming to Overcome Process Losses = 366
  Cohesiveness = 412
   Factors Influencing Cohesiveness = 412
   Consequences of Cohesiveness = 414
  Conflict and Organizational Performance = 416
   Functional and Dysfunctional Conflict = 417
   Studies of Conflict = 418
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : Using Diversity and Constructive Conflict to Improve Decision = 419
  Causes of Intergroup Conflict = 422
   Task Interdependence = 422
   Goal Incompatibility = 423
  Consequences of Intergroup Conflict = 425
   Changes Within the Croup = 425
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : The Escalation of Conflict = 426
   Changes Between Groups = 426
  Resolving Intergroup Conflict = 427
   Avoidance Strategies = 427
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : The Fine Art of International Negotiation = 428
   Power Intervention Strategies = 429
   Diffusion Strategies = 429
   Resolution Strategies = 430
  Creating Functional Conflict = 432
  Summary = 433
  Discussion Questions = 435
  Glossary = 435
  Notes = 436
  Concluding Case : Tomahawk Industries = 439
  Experiential Exercise : Conflict and Collaboration-Intergroup Exercise = 441
SECTION Ⅳ ORGANIZATIONS
 Chapter 11 Organizational Theory = 444
  Introductory Case : Retirees : A New Stakeholder = 445
  Open-Systems Theory = 446
   Defining an Organization = 447
   Common Characteristics of Organizations = 449
   Organizational Subsystems = 452
   Subsystems and the Value Chain = 453
  Organization-Environment Interface = 454
   Environmental Sectors = 455
   Boundary-Spanning Roles = 457
   Environmental Uncertainty = 457
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : When Vertical Integration Fails to Reduce Uncertainty = 460
  Organizational Effectiveness = 462
   Organizational Goals = 462
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : The Role of the Board of Directors = 463
   Evaluating Organizational Effectiveness = 464
  Organizational Climate and Organizational Culture = 469
   Organizational Climate = 469
   Organizational Culture = 472
   Theory Z Culture = 475
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Does Japanese Management Work Outside Japan? = 477
  Summary = 478
  Discussion Questions = 479
  Glossary = 479
  Notes = 481
  Concluding Case : Evaluating Law Schools = 482
  Experiential Exercise : Organizational Symbol = 484
 Chapter 12 OrganizationaIStructureandDesign = 486
  Introductory Case : Bureaucratic Battles and Unorganized Efficiency = 487
  Concepts of Organizational Design = 488
   Division of Labor = 488
   Departmentalization = 489
   Span of Control = 492
   Delegation of Authority = 494
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Centralization Versus Decentralization in Korea = 496
   Coordinating Mechanisms = 497
   Matrix Organizational Structure = 498
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : Why Firms Adopt or Abandon Matrix Structures = 500
  Universal Theories of Organizational Design = 500
   Fayol's Principles of Management = 501
   Mechanistic Versus Organic Organizational Structure = 502
   Bureaucratic Organizational Structure = 503
   System Four Organizational Structure = 509
  Contingency Theories of Organizational Design = 511
   Technology = 511
   Environmental Uncertainty = 514
   Information Processing = 515
  Organizational Life Cycle = 516
   Stages of Life Cycle = 516
   Organizational Decline = 518
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : The Death and Rebirth of Continental Can = 519
  Summary = 520
  Discussion Questions = 522
  Glossary = 522
  Notes = 523
  Concluding Case : Crowing From Stage 1 to Stage 11 = 525
  Experiential Exercise : Profiling Organizational Characteristics = 526
SECTION Ⅴ ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESSES
 Chapter 13 Communication = 530
  Introductory Case : Amtrak's Communication Systems = 531
  Interpersonal Communication = 532
   The Communication Process = 533
   Persuasive Communication = 537
   Supportive Communication = 542
   Listening = 544
   Nonverbal Communication = 548
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : Communicating with Clothes = 549
  Communication in Groups = 550
   Factors Influencing Communication = 550
   Communication Networks = 551
   Communication Roles = 554
  Organizational Communication = 556
   The Effects of Organizational Structure = 556
   Direction of Communication Flow = 557
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : Communicating from the Top = 559
   Improving Communication Effectiveness = 560
   Barriers to Effective Communication = 561
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Lost in Translation = 563
   Reactions to Communication Overload = 564
  Summary = 566
  Discussion Questions = 567
  Glossary = 568
  Notes = 569
  Concluding Case : Open Communication in Doubled Times = 571
  Experiential Exercise : Communication = 572
 Chapter 14 Decision Making = 574
  Introductory Case : Programed Decision Making at K-Mart = 575
  The Decision-Making Process = 576
   Establishing Goals and Objectives = 576
   Identifying the Problem = 578
   Developing Alternatives = 578
   Evaluating and Choosing an Alternative = 579
   Implementing the Decision = 581
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Japanese Decision Uniting = 582
   Evaluation and Control = 582
  Individual Factors in Decision Making = 583
   Cognitive Limits of Rationality = 583
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : Should the United States Close Its Doors to Immigration? = 584
   Psychological Aspects of the Thought Process = 585
   Personality Determinants = 586
  Group Decision Making = 588
   Individual Versus Group Decision Making = 588
   Group Influences on Decisions = 594
  Decision Making in Organizations = 597
   Types of Decisions = 597
   Decision-Making Techniques = 599
  Creativity and Innovation = 602
   The Creative Process = 602
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : Organizational Size and Innovation = 603
   Stimulating Creativity = 605
  Summary = 607
  Discussion Questions = 608
  Glossary = 609
  Notes = 610
  Concluding Case : Hovey and Beard Company = 612
  Experiential Exercise : Individual Versus Group Decision Making = 615
 Chapter 15 Leadership = 616
  Introductory Case : John F. Welch, Jr. = 617
  Leadership = 618
   Defining Leadership = 618
   Managers Versus Leaders = 619
   Transformational Leadership = 621
   Patterns of Organizational Leadership = 623
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : Leading from in Front = 624
  Leadership Traits = 625
   In Search of Leadership = 626
   Physical Traits = 626
   Intelligence = 627
   Personality Traits = 627
  Leader Behaviors = 628
   Authoritarian, Democratic, and Laissez-Faire Leadership = 629
   Initiating Structure and Consideration = 630
   Production-centered and Employee-centered Leader Behaviors 630
   The Leadership Grid< = 631
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Cultural Preferences for Participative Leadership = 633
  Situational Leadership = 634
   The Situational Leadership Model : Life Cycle Theory = 634
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : An Empirical test of Situational Leadership Theory = 636
   The Contingency Theory of Leadership = 637
   The Path-Goal Model = 640
   The Normative Decision-making Model of Leadership = 645
   The Leader-Member Exchange Theory = 649
  Determinants of Leadership Effectiveness = 649
   Choosing a Leadership Style = 650
   Strategies for Improving Leadership = 650
   Reciprocal Influence of Leader and Follower = 652
  Summary = 654
  Discussion Questions = 656
  Glossary = 657
  Notes = 658
  Concluding Case : Decision Tree for Participative Leadership = 661
  Experiential Exercise : Leadership Orientation = 662
 Chapter 16 Power and Politics in Organizations = 664
  Introductory Case : The Golden Rule Lays a Golden Egg = 665
  Political Versus Rational Decision Making = 666
   Power Orientation : A Way to View Organizations = 666
   Types of Influence : Power, Authority, Control, and Politics = 667
   Conditions Necessary for the Use of Power = 670
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Surplus Labor in Germany Erodes Union Power = 67l
  Authority = 672
   Authority Versus Power = 672
   Types of Authority = 673
   Obedience to Authority = 673
   The Democratic Alternative = 675
  Power = 677
   Power : Good or Bad? = 677
   Sexual Harassment : An Abuse of Power = 678
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : Sexual Harassment on the Job = 679
   Power Indicators = 679
  Interpersonal Power = 682
   Five Bases of Power = 682
   Other Sources of Power = 685
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : A Better Measure of Power = 686
   Acquisition of Interpersonal Power = 687
   Perpetuation of Personal Power = 688
  Group and Subunit Power = 690
   Acquisition of Subunit Power = 690
   Institutionalization of Subunit Power = 693
  Organizational Politics = 695
   Political Strategies = 695
   Influence Strategies = 698
  Summary = 701
  Discussion Questions = 702
  Glossary = 703
  Notes = 704
  Concluding Case : A Power Case Protest = 707
  Experiential Exercise : Supervising a Student Teacher 709
 Chapter 17 Organization Change and Development = 710
  Introductory Case : Work-Out at General Electric = 721
  Organizational Survival and Adaptation = 713
   Forces of Change = 715
   Resistance to Change = 717
  Organizational Change = 719
   Kinds of Change = 719
   Targets of Change = 721
   Theories of Change = 722
   Action Research Model = 726
   Re-energizing the Mature Organization = 729
  The Organizational Development Process = 731
   Historical Stems = 732
   Assumptions of OD = 733
   Vision and Mission Statements = 734
   Applying Organizational Behavior in the News : Responding to Environmental Awareness = 735
   Change Agents = 736
   Transfer and Diffusion of Change = 736
   Evaluating OD = 737
   Applying Organizational Behavior Across Cultures : Global Change = 738
  OD Interventions = 739
   Interpersonal Interventions = 739
   Group Interventions = 741
   Intergroup Interventions = 744
   Organizational Interventions = 746
   Applying Organizational Behavior Research : Evaluating Total Quality Management in a Health Care Organization = 751
  Summary =753
  Discussion Questions = 754
  Glossary = 755
  Notes = 756
  Concluding Case : Inadequate Innovation at Southeast Bank = 759
  Experiential Exorcise : Sensitivity Training = 700
  Name Index = 761
  Subject Index = 769