상세정보

Fundamental Neuroscience is the only comprehensive text that defines the full scope of neuroscience. Developed in accordance with results of extensive reviews by neuroscience instructors, and in cooperation with the Association of Neuroscience Departments and Programs (ANDP), this text is divided into seven integrated sections. Each section may be used for a specific course, or the full text may be adopted to provide a broad-based curriculum that will carry the student from molecular to cognitive neuroscience.

Key Features
* Written by approximately 100 authors who are specialists in their field; careful editing ensures a uniform style and cross-referencing
* Prepared in cooperation with the Association of Neuroscience Departments and Programs
* Internationally renowned editorial board
* Developed in accordance with results of careful, extensive reviews by neuroscience instructors
* Comprehensive coverage of molecular, cellular, developmental, organismal, behavioral, and cognitive neuroscience

정보제공 :

CONTENTS

Authorship = xiii

Preface = xv

Ⅰ Neuroscience

 1. Fundamentals of Neuroscience = 3

  The Full Scope of the Field = 3

  Clinical Issues = 4

  The Spirit of Exploration Continues = 4

  Prepared for a Broad Range of Readers = 4

  Neuroscience Today : A Communal Endeavor = 5

  The Creation of Knowledge = 5

  Responsible Conduct = 6

  Behaving Responsibly : Integral to Doing Good Science = 7

  References = 8

 2. Organization of Nervous Systems = 9

  General Principles from and Evolutionary Perspective = 9

  Development of the Vertebrate Nervous System = 16

  Idenity andOrganization of Functional Systems = 20

  The Basic Structural Features of the Nervous System = 25

  References = 37

Ⅱ Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

 3. The Cellular Components of Nervous Tissue = 41

  The Neuron = 41

  The Neuroglia = 53

  The Cerebral Vasculature = 61

  References = 68

 4. Subcellular Organization of the Neuvous System : Organelles and Their Functions = 71

  Axons and Dendrites : Unique Structural Componentsof Neurons = 71

  Protein Synthesis in Nervous Tissue = 76

  The Cytoskiletons of Neurons and Glial Cells = 86

  Molecular Motors in the Nervous System = 94

  Building and Maintaining Nervous System Cells = 98

  References = 104

 5. Electrotonic Properties of Axons and Dendrites = 107

  Spread of Steady-State Signals = 108

  Spread of Transient Signals = 113

  Electrotonic Properties Underlying Propagation in Axons = 115

  Electrotonic Spread in Dendrites = 117

  References = 126

 6. Membrane Potential And Action Potential = 129

  The Membrane Potential = 131

  The Action Potential = 136

  References = 151

 7. Release of Neurotransmitters = 155

  Organization of the Chemical Synapse = 155

  Excitation-Secretion Coupling = 160

  Molecular Mechanisms of Transmitter Release = 165

  Quantal Analysis = 173

  Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity = 186

  References = 188

 8. Meyrotransmitters = 193

  The Multiple Ways That Nervous' System Cells Interact with Each Other = 193

  Chemical Transmission = 196

  Classical Neurotransmitters = 198

  Peptide Transmitters = 220

  Unconventional Transmitters = 226

  Synaptic Transmitters in Perspective = 232

  References = 233

 9. Neurotransmitter Receptors = 235

  Ionotropic Receptors = 236

  Metabotropic Receptors = 252

  References = 265

 10. Intracellular Signaling = 269

  Signaling Through G-Protein-Linked Receptors = 269

  Modulation of Neuronal Function by Protein Kinases and Phosphatases = 286

  The Regulation of Transcription = 301

  References = 313

 11. Cell-Cell Communication via Gap Junctions = 317

  Gap Junctions : Another Form of Communication = 317

  Biophysical and Pharmacological Properties of Gap Junctions in the Nervous System = 324

  Role of Gap Junctions in Functions of Nervous Tissue = 327

  Gap-Junction-Related Neuropathologies = 332

  References = 338

 12. Postsynaptic Potentials and Synaptic Integration = 345

  Ionotropic Receptors : Mediators of Fast Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Potentials = 345

  Metabotropic Receptors : Mediators of Slow Synaptic Potentials = 356

  Integration of Synaptic Potentials = 359

  References = 362

 13. Information Processing in Dendrites = 363

  Types of Information Flow within an Dendritic Tree = 364

  Dendritic Operations in the Absence of Axons and Impulses = 367

  Dendritic Integration in Relation to Axonal Output = 374

  References = 385

 14. Brain Energy Metabolism = 389

  Energy Metabolism of the Brain as a Whole Organ = 389

  Tight Coupling of Neuronal Activity, Blood Flow, and Energy Metabolism = 392

  Energy-Producing and Energy-Consuming Processes in the Brain = 395

  Brain Energy Metabolism at the Cellular Level = 399

  Glutamate and Nitrogen Metabolism : A Coordinated Shuttle Between Astrocytes and Neurons = 406

  The Astrocyte-Neuron Metabolic Unit = 409

  References = 409

Ⅲ Nervous System Development

 15. Neural Induction and Pattern Formation = 417

  Embryonic Origins of the Nervous System = 417

  Early Neural Morphogenesis = 424

  Neural Patterning = 427

  Regionalization of the Nervous System = 429

  References = 448

 16. Neurogensis and Migration = 451

  Development of the Peripheral Nervous System = 451

  Development of the CNS = 457

  References = 476

 17. Cellular Determination = 481

  Neuronal Phenotypes and Determinants = 481

  Acquisition of Neural Competency = 483

  Specification of Neural Lineages = 491

  Determining the Fate of Individual Neurons = 501

  References = 514

 18. Growth Cones and Axon Pathfinding = 519

  Structure of the Growth Cone = 519

  Mechainsms of Growth Cone Advance = 521

  Growth Cone Behavior in Vitro = 524

  Mechanisms of Growth Come Guidance = 526

  Highly Directed Axon Migration inVivo = 527

  Stepwise Axon Migration In Vivo = 528

  Guidance of Axons by Short- and Long-Range Cues - Attractir\vy or Repulsive = 530

  Moilecular Mechanisms of Axon Guidance = 536

  Control of Topographic Projections by Gradients of Signaling Molecules = 541

  References = 543

 19. Synapse Formation and Elimination = 547

  Synapse Formation = 547

  An Overview of Synapse Elimination = 554

  Synapse Elimination in the Developing Visual System = 565

  References = 576

 20. Programmed Cell Death = 581

  Cell Death and the Neurotrophic Hypothesis = 582

  PCD of Neurons in Invertebrate and Vertebrate Species = 586

  Moides of Cell Death in Developing Neurons = 588

  Cellular Regulation of PCD = 591

  Molecular Regulation of PCD = 596

  Functions of Neuronal PCD = 603

  PCD, Developmental Disorders, and Neurodegeneratioin = 604

  References = 606

 21. Neurotrophic Factors = 611

  The Neurotrophin Family = 612

  Neurotrophin Receptors and Signaling = 616

  The Developmental Roles of Neurotrophins in the Peripheral Nervous System = 621

  Neurotrophins in the Central Nervous System = 624

  Cytokines in the Nervous System = 629

  References = 632

 22. Early Experience and Critical Periods = 637

  Sound Localization : Calibrated by Early Experience in the Owl = 637

  Birdsong : Learned by Experience = 641

  Filial Imprinting : Babies Learn to Recoignize Their Oarents = 644

  Binocular Vision = 646

  Principles of Developmental Learning = 650

  References = 652

Ⅳ Sensory Systems

 23. Fundamentals of Sensory Systems = 657

  Sensation and Perception = 657

  Receptors = 658

  ParallelProcessing = 661

  Central Processing = 662

  Common Anatomical Plan = 665

  Structure, Function, and Connections of Sensory Cortex = 666

  References = 669

 24. Sensory Transductiojn = 671

  Phototransduction = 671

  Olfactory Transduction = 683

  Taste = 697

  Mechanoreception = 703

  References = 712

 25. Chemical Senses : Taste and Olfaction = 719

  Taste = 719

  Olfaction = 737

  References = 756

 26. Somatic Sensation = 761

  Peripheral Mechanisms of Somatic Sensation = 762

  Spinal and Brainstem Compoonents of the Somatosensory System = 773

  The Thyalamic Ventrobasal Complex = 780

  Somatosensory Areas of the Cerebral Cortex = 780

  References = 787

 27. Audition = 791

  Amplitude and Frequency Ranges of Hearing = 791

  Extenal and Middle Ear = 792

  The Cochlea = 792

  The Auditory Nerve = 798

  Descending Systems to the Periphery = 802

  Central Nervous System = 803

  References = 817

 28. Vision = 821

  The Receprive Field : The Fundamentral Concept in Visual Physiology = 821

  The Eye and the Retina = 824

  The Retinoigeniculocortical Pathways = 835

  References = 849

Ⅴ Motor Systems

 29. Fundamentals of Motor Systems = 855

  The Spinal Cord as a Central pattern Generator : Reflexesx and Locomotion = 855

  Brain Projections to the Spinal Cord : Postureand Voluntary Movement = 857

  The Basal Nuclei and Cerebellum : Focusing and Coordinating Moivement = 860

  References = 861

 30. Muscle, Motor Neurons, and Motor Neuron Pools = 863

  Skiletal Muscle = 863

  Motor Units = 873

  Motor Meuron Pools = 876

  Muscle Afferents = 880

  References = 885

 31. SpinalMotor Control, Reflexes, and Locomotion = 889

  Principles of Spinal Motor Control = 889

  Reflexes = 891

  Interneurons Associated with Movements = 899

  Locomotion = 902

  References = 909

 32. Supraspinal Descending Control : The Mekial "Postrural" System = 913

  Ablation and Transection Studies = 913

  Sensory Information about Head Posture = 915

  Postural Reflexes of the Head and Body : Reliance on a Negative Feedback System = 919

  The Role of the Brainstem in Controlling Coordinated Postural Reactions = 923

  Balance and Context-Dependent PosturalStrategies = 925

  Vestibular Damage and Disorders ofPostural Control = 927

  References = 929

 33. Voluntary Descending Control = 931

  Corticalpathways to Motor Neurons = 931

  Organization of the Motor Cortex = 934

  Control of Volluntary Movements by the Mothr Cortex = 941

  References = 948

 34. Sasal Ganglia = 951

  Anatomuy of the Basal Ganglia = 951

  Signaling in the Basal Ganglia = 959

  The Effect of Basal Ganglia Damage on Behavior = 961

  Fundamental Orinciple of Basal Ganglia Operation = 967

  References = 969

 35. Cerebellum = 973

  Anatomy and Phylogenetic Development of the Cerebellum = 973

  Assessing Cerebellar Function = 979

  References = 989

 36. Eye Movements = 993

  Gaze-Stabilization Mechanisms = 993

  Gaze-Shifting Mechanisms = 993

  The Oculomotor Nuclei and the Extraocular Muscles = 994

  The Vestibulo-ocular Reflex = 997

  The Optokinetic System = 1000

  The Saccadic System = 1001

  Smooth Pursuit = 1005

  Vergence = 1006

  References = 1009

Ⅵ REGULATORY SYSTEMS

 37. The Hypothalamus : An Overview of Regulatory Systems = 1013

  Historical Perspective = 1013

  Hypothalamic Development = 1014

  General Organizational Principles of the Adult Hypothalamus = 1015

  Functional Organization of the Hypothalamus = 1016

  References = 1025

 38. Central Control of Autonomic Functions : The Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System = 1027

  The Sympathetic Division : Organized to Mobilize the Body for Activity = 1029

  The Parasymkpathetic Division : Organized for Energy Conservartion = 1034

  The Enteric Division of the ANS : The Nerve Net Found in the Walls of Visceral Organs = 1036

  ANS Pharmacology : Transmitter and Receptor Coding = 1038

  Autonomic Cointrols of Homeostasis = 1041

  Hierarchically Organized CNS Circuits = 1044

  Perspective : Future of the Autonomic Nervous System = 1048

  References = 1049

 39. Cardiovascular System = 1051

  Basics of Cardiovascular Physiology = 1051

  Sympathetic Vasomotor Tone = 1053

  Neural Control of the Heart = 1055

  Cardiovascular Homeostasis and a Negative Feedback Reflex = 1057

  The Nervous System and the Long-Term Control of the Cardiovascular System = 1060

  References = 1061

 40. Neural Control of Breathing = 1063

  Early Neuroscience and the Brainstem = 1063

  Breathing and Gas Exchange = 1064

  Central Nervous System and Breathing = 1065

  Respiratory Rhythm Generation = 1073

  Sensory Inputs and Altered Breathing = 1078

  Modulation of Respiratory Motor Output = 1083

  Suprapontine Structures and Breathing = 1086

  References = 1087

 41. Food Intake and Metabolism = 1091

  Caloric Homeostasis = 1091

  The Role of Caloric Homeostasis in Control of Food Intake = 1094

  Central Control of Food Intake = 1098

  Neuropeptides and the Control of Food Intake = 1103

  References = 1107

 42. Water Intake and Body Fluids = 1111

  Body Fluid Physiology = 1111

  Osmotic Homeostasis = 1113

  Volume Homeostasis = 1119

  References = 1125

 43. Neuroendocrine Systems Ⅰ : Overview - Thyroid and Adrenal Axes = 1127

  Brain - Pituitary - Organ Axes = 1127

  Metabolic Activity = 1130

  Stress = 1137

  References = 1147

 44. Meuroendocrine Systems Ⅱ : Growth, Reproduction, and Lactation = 1151

  Growth and Development = 1152

  Reproduction = 1159

  Lactation = 1176

  References = 1182

 45. Circadian Timing = 1189

  Circadian Rhythms : A Fundamental Adaptation of Living Organisms = 1189

  The Surprachiasmatic Nucleus = 1191

  Light as the Dominant Stimulus = 1194

  Pacemaker Output = 1197

  Circadian Timing and Reproduction = 1198

  Complexity of the Avian CTS = 1200

  Heritability of Circadian Timing = 1202

  References = 1204

 46. Sleep and Dreaming = 1207

  The TwoStates of Sleep : Slow Wave andRapid Eye Movement = 1207

  Sleep in the Modern Era of Neuroscience = 1210

  Anatomy and Physiology of Brainstem Regulatory Systems = 1213

  Modeling the Control of Behavioral State = 1221

  References = 1225

 47. Psychoisexual Development = 1229

  Expression of the SRY Gene = 1229

  Sex Hormones = 1230

  The Vomeroinasal(Accessory) Olfactory Pathway = 1236

  Maternal Stimulatioin and Male Psychosexual Development = 1240

  References = 1242

 48. Motivation and Reward = 1245

  Neural Mechanisms of Moitivation = 1246

  Dopamine and the Lateral Hypothalamic Syndrome = 1248

  Reinforcement Systems = 1252

  Brain Aversion Systems = 1257

  References = 1258

 49. Drug Reward and Addiction = 1261

  Addiction : Definitions and Animal Models = 1261

  Behavioral Pharmacological Procedures for Assessing the PReinforcing Actions of Drugs = 1262

  Neurobiological Substrates of Drug Reward = 1267

  Neurobiological Substrates for Motivational Effects of Drug Dependence = 1271

  Neurochemical Adaptation in Reward Neurotransmitters = 1272

  Meurodaption, Prolonged Abstinence, and Relapse = 1274

  References = 1277

Ⅶ BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE

 50. Human Brain Evolution = 1283

  Evolutionary and Compoarative Principles = 1283

  Mammalian Evolution = 1286

  Primate Evolution = 1294

  Human Evolution = 1302

  References = 1309

 51. Cognitive Devilopment = 1313

  Postnatal Development of Brain Structure and Physiology = 1313

  The Functional Development of Normal Human Brain = 1317

  Abnormalities in the Developmental Process = 1320

  Normal Aging of the Brain = 1328

  Dementias : Pathologies of Aging = 1333

  References = 1335

 52. Object and Face Recognition = 1339

  Evidence for Visual Areas Beyong the Occipital Lobe = 1339

  Visual Pathways for Object Recognition = 1341

  Face Recognition : Specialized Cortical Circuits? = 1349

  Theoiretical Accounts of Object Recognition = 1355

  References = 1359

 53. Spatial Cognition = 1363

  The Neuronatomy of Spatial Cognition = 1363

  The Parietal Cortex = 1364

  The Frontal Cortex = 1374

  The Hippocampus and Adjacent Cortex = 1379

  Spatial Cognition versus Spatial Action = 1381

  References = 1381

 54. Attention = 1385

  Orienting to and Selecting from Competing Stimuli = 1385

  Executive Control of Behavior = 1397

  Attentioanl State = 1403

  References = 1407

 55. Learning and Memory : Basic Mechanisms = 1411

  Definitions and Types of Learning = 1411

  Invertebrate Studies : Key Insights into Basic Mechanisms of Procedural Learning = 1415

  Classical Conditioning inVertebrates : Discrete Responses and Fear as Models of Associative Learning = 1425

  Long-Term Potentiation = 1438

  References = 1449

 56. Learning and Memory : Systems Analysis = 1455

  The Notion of Multiple Memory Systems = 1455

  Dissociable Memory Systems in Humans = 1457

  Dissociable Memory Systems in Animals = 1463

  Computational Theories of Hippocampal Function in Learning and Memory = 1470

  Semantic Memory and Representation of Knowledge = 1473

  Working Memory and the Frontal Lobe = 1475

  Modulators of Memory Storage = 1480

  References = 1483

 57. Language and Communication = 1487

  Animal Communication = 1487

  Human Language = 1493

  Reading = 1499

  Language Disorders = 1508

  References = 1516

 58. Hemispheric Specialization = 1521

  Methods of Studying Cerebral Specialization = 1521

  Differences in Hemispheric Anatomy = 1526

  Lateralization in Visual Information Processing = 1528

  Lateralization of Language Abilities = 1536

  References = 1539

 59. Thinking and Problem Solving = 1543

  Verbal Working Memory = 1544

  Models of Problem Solving = 1548

  Disorders of Thought in Schizophrenia = 1553

  Schizopherenia and Dopamine = 1559

  References = 1562

Appendix Using the Ethics Cases = 1565

Permissions = 1569

Contributors = 1571

Index = 1575