CONTENTS
List of Contributors = xi
Preface = xiii
Acknowledgments = xv
Introduction = 1
Chapter Summaries = 6
References = 10
Ⅰ THE TREATMENT OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
1 Psychometric Approaches to the Study of Language Abilities / John B. Carroll = 13
The Place of Psychometrics in Psychology = 16
Factor-Aalytic Studies of Language Abilities = 17
The Possible Relevance of Language Ability Studies for Linguistic, Psycholinguistic, and Sociolinguistic Research = 22
Studies of Specific Language Abilities Involved in Foreign Language Aptitude Tests = 24
References = 30
2 Sapir, Competence, Voices / Dell Hymes = 33
3 The Treatment of Individual Differences in Psycholinguistic Research / Wallace E. Lambert = 47
Ⅱ LANGUAGE USE AND LANGUAGE JUDGMENTS
4 Verbal Fluency and the Language-Bound Effect / Ruth S. Day = 57
General Method = 59
Results and Discussion = 64
General Discussion = 78
References = 82
5 On Fluency / Charles J. Fillmore = 85
1. The Generativist Position = 85
2. Language Variability = 87
3. Two Senses of "Competence" = 89
4. The Competence-Performance Distinction = 91
5. Dimensions of Fluency = 92
6. Sources of Fluency Differences = 93
7. Research Possibilities = 98
8. Summary = 101
References = 101
6 Language Use and Language judgment / Henry Gleitman ; Lila Gleitman = 103
1. Population Differences in Metalinguistic Performance, in the Presence of Relatively Invariant Linguistic Performance = 106
2. Are the Metalinguistic Functions Related to Language Use and Learning? = 121
3. Summary and Conclusions = 123
References = 123
7 Where's English? / John Robert Ross = 127
1. Background = 127
2. The Experiment = 131
3. The Results = 135
4. Downshot and Upshot = 157
Appendix = 161
References = 163
Ⅲ ACQUISITION
8 Profile Analysis of Language Disability / David Crystal ; Paul Fletcher = 167
Descriptive = 169
Developmentat = 170
Interactional = 171
Profiles and Language Disability = 172
Profile 1 : Hugh = 173
Profile 2 : Peter = 175
Profile 3, 4, and 5 : Difficulties with Complex Sentences = 177
Profiles Extended = 179
Appendix = 182
References = 188
9 Phonology as an Individual Access System : Some Data from Language Acquisition / Charles A. Ferguson = 189
1. Individual Differences in Phonology = 189
2. Individual Differences in Child Phonologies = 193
3. Toward a Model of Phonology = 198
References = 199
10 Individual Differences in Second Language Acquisition / Lily Wong Fillmore = 203
Cognitive and Social Strategies in Second Language Learning = 207
Sources of Individual Differences in Second Language Learning = 220
Summary = 227
References = 228
11 Individual Variation in Some Phonetic Aspects of Language Acquisition / John H.V. Gilbert = 229
Introduction = 229
Apologia = 230
Aspects of Perception = 230
Conclusion = 238
References = 239
Ⅳ NEUROLINGUISTICS
12 Individual Variations in the Perception of Dichotic Chords / Robert Efron = 245
13 Effect of Aphasia on the Retrieval of Lexicon and Syntax / Harold Goodglass = 253
Agrammatism = 254
References = 259
14 How Shall a Thingummy Be Called? / Curtis Hardyck ; Hilary Naylor ; Rebecca M. Smith = 261
Method = 265
Results = 268
References = 275
15 On the Evolution of Neurolinguistic Variability : Fossil Brains Speak / Harry J. Jerison = 277
Materials and Methods = 280
Results = 282
Discussion = 285
Summary and Conclusions = 286
References = 287
16 Strategies of Linguistic Processing in Human Split-Brain Patielts / Jerre Levy = 289
Lateralization and Language = 289
Language Limitations of the Right Hemisphere = 291
What Is Meant by Language? = 292
The Cognitive Dispositions of the Right Hemisphere = 293
A Missing Process in the Right Hemisphere = 296
Summary = 299
References = 300
Ⅴ SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS
17 Individual and Social Differences in Language Use / John J. Gumperz ; Deborah Tannen = 305
Example 1 : Regent St. = 309
Example 2 : Yogurt Dressing = 310
Example 3 : Party = 313
Example 4 : Who's the Artist? = 314
Example 5 : How's the Family? = 315
Example 6 : The Fingers of the Hand = 316
Example 7 : A Gig = 318
Example 8 : I Don't Wanna Read = 318
Example 9 : I Don't Know = 319
Example 10 : A Bridge = 319
Conclusion = 321
References = 324
18 Locating the Frontier between Social and Psychological Factors in Linguistic Variation / W. Labov = 327
A Deviant Individual : Nathan B. = 330
Individual Variation in Repetition Tests = 332
Individual Variation in the Acquisition of the Philadelphia Dialect = 335
Categorical Discrimination = 338
References = 339
Subject Index = 341
