Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Chapter 1: Pipeline Geopolitics -- Transporting Oil and Gas Around the World -- Pipeline Politics -- From Russia with Love -- The Mideast Tinderbox: Pipelines as Pawns -- Central Asia Pipelines: The New Silk Road? -- The Asia Link -- African Politics and Pipelines -- South of the Border: Mexico and Central and Latin America -- Chapter 2: A Brief Historical Overview of Energy: Lots of Options to Choose From -- Renewable Energy Sources -- Solar Power -- Wind Power -- Tidal Power -- Hydropower -- Geothermal Energy -- Biomass -- Biofuels -- Nonrenewable Energy Sources -- Coal -- Oil and Petroleum Products -- Natural Gas -- How Much and What Types of Energy Does the World Use? -- U.S. and Global Energy Policy Stakeholders -- Concluding Thoughts -- Appendix A: Highlights of U.S. Energy Policy 1920–2017 -- 1920: Federal Water Power Act of 1920 -- 1938: Natural Gas Act of 1938 -- 1970: The Clean Air Act (CAA) -- 1972: The Clean Water Act (CWA) -- 1974: Energy Reorganization Act of 1974 (Pub.L. 93–438) -- 1975: Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (Pub.L. 94–163) -- 1977: Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977 (S. 826 (95th)) -- 1978: National Energy Act of 1978 -- 1980: Energy Security Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96–294) -- 1980: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Act of 1980 (S. 2492 (96th)) -- 1992: Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Pub.L. 102–486) -- 2005: Energy Policy Act of 2005 (Pub.L. 109–58) -- 2007: The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (Pub.L. 110–140) -- 2008: The Energy Improvement and Extension Act (Pub L. 110–343) -- 2009: The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Pub.L. 111–5) -- 2015: The Clean Power Plan of 2015 -- 2016: North American Energy Security and Infrastructure Act of 2016 (S2012) -- 2017: President Trump’s Executive Order 13783: “Promoting Energy Independence and Economic Growth” -- Chapter 3: From the Source to Market: The Importance of Pipeline Networks -- Transporting Energy From Renewables -- Solar Power -- Wind Power -- Tidal Power -- Hydropower -- Geothermal Power -- Biomass and Biofuels -- Transporting Energy From Nonrenewables: The Importance of Pipelines -- The Evolution of the Pipeline -- Pipelines Today -- Transporting Crude Oil -- Transporting Natural Gas -- Concluding Thoughts -- Chapter 4: How Safe Are Pipelines? How Are They Regulated? -- Accidents Happen -- The Pros and Cons of Transport Options -- Pipelines -- Ships and Tankers -- Rail Transport -- Truck Transport -- Gas Pipelines -- Who Is Monitoring Pipeline Safety? -- The Question Remains: Are Pipelines Safe? -- Appendix A: Highlights of Pipeline Safety Acts -- Hepburn Act of 1906 -- Natural Gas Act of 1938 -- Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 1968 (Amended in 1976) -- Department of Energy Organization Act of 1977 -- Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Act of 1979 -- Pipeline Safety Act of 1979 -- Energy Policy Act of 1992 -- Pipeline Safety Act of 1994 -- Pipeline Safety Improvement Act .
of 2002 -- Pipeline Integrity, Protection, Enforcement and Safety Act of 2006 (the “PIPES” Act) -- The Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011 -- Natural Gas Pipeline Safety Act of 2011 -- Protecting Our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety Act of 2016 (Pipes Act) -- Chapter 5: Pipeline Controversies: The Keystone XL and Dakota Access Pipelines -- What Is the Fuss About Oil Sands? -- Canadian Pipelines and Refineries -- Background: Keystone and Dakota Access Pipelines -- The Politics of the Keystone XL and Dakota Access Pipelines -- The Lay of the Land -- Crux of the Debate -- Keystone XL -- Dakota Access Pipeline -- Safety Issues -- The Danger of Leaks and Spills: Impact on Waterways -- Impact on Fish, Wildlife, and Flora -- Concluding Thoughts -- Appendix A: Keystone XL Pipeline Timeline in Brief -- 2008 -- 2009 -- 2010 -- 2011 -- 2012 -- 2013 -- 2014 -- 2015 -- 2017 -- 2018 -- Appendix B: Dakota Access Pipeline Timeline in Brief -- 2014 -- 2015 -- 2016 -- 2017 -- Chapter 6: Here’s to Your Health: What Does the Research Show? -- The Chemistry of Petroleum and Its By-Products -- PAHs Are Bad for Your Health -- VOCs Are Terrible for Your Health -- Other Air Pollutants: Particulate Matter (PM) -- Heavy Metals -- Cause and Effect -- Lots of Factors Can and Do Impact Health: Pathways of Exposure -- Diluted Bitumen Is Particularly Toxic to Human Health -- The Impact of Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas Operations on Health -- Health Hazards of Pipelines -- Health Impact of Living in Proximity to Compressor Stations -- Who Is Monitoring Potential Hazards to Health? -- Concluding Thoughts -- Chapter 7: This Land Is My Land . . . Or Is It? -- Who Is in Charge?: Federal, State, and Local Governments’ Roles -- Land-Use Planning, Local Zoning, and Setbacks -- What Is an Easement and a Right-of-Way? -- Eminent Domain Issues -- Beginning of a Backlash? -- Who Owns the Minerals Beneath Your Land? -- Concluding Thoughts -- Chapter 8: Adding Up the Numbers: Boom, Bust, and Jobs -- Boom-Bust Cycles -- The “Resource Curse” -- What Happened to Williston, North Dakota? -- Impact on the Social Fabric of the Community -- What About Pipeline Construction? -- Concluding Thoughts -- Chapter 9: NIMBY and Environmental Justice -- What Factors Brought About the EJ Movement? -- Global Environmental Justice -- Pipelines and Environmental Justice -- Health Implications and EJ -- Case Studies in Environmental Justice -- Concluding Thoughts -- Appendix A: Environmental Justice Highlights Timeline -- 1964 -- 1968 -- 1979 -- 1982 -- 1983 -- 1987 -- 1988 -- 1990 -- 1991 -- 1992 -- 1993 -- 1994 -- 1999 -- 2001 -- 2003 -- 2005 -- 2007 -- 2009 -- 2010 -- 2011 -- 2012 -- 2015 -- 2016 -- 2017 -- Chapter 10: Oil, Gas, and Pipeline Industries and Climate Change -- What Are the Causes of Global Warming? -- Man’s Hand in Global Warming -- Oil, Gas, and Pipeline Industry’s Role in Climate Change -- Concluding Thoughts -- Chapter 11: Going Forward -- .
Notes -- Index -- About the Author -- .
