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This volume features a unique characteristic: detailed and sequential organization that permits the reader to move progressively through material of increasing complexity. Also included are eight clinical case study examples that will instruct readers from a variety of academic disciplines. A new chapter on cognitive behavior modification introduces the reader to significant current influences in the field. Such topics as specification of behavior, positive and negative reinforcement, extinction, schedules of reinforcement, shaping and response differentiation, stimulus discrimination and generalization, chaining, modeling, punishment, and intervention planning are thoroughly delineated. Surpassing similar texts in its coverage, Behavior Modification in the Human Services also provides pretests, posttests, and the forms necessary to relevant data collection. "Sundel and Sundel (1993) do an excellent job of bridging the gap between theory and practice. . . even experienced social workers and theorists will find the book useful as a reference and reminder. . . [the authors] have written a text well suited for its target audience, i.e., relatively new students of behavior modification. The major concepts and jargon of the field are presented in a simple and easy to read manner. The appendices can be used to supplement discussion and even add rigor to an introductory course on behavior modification." --The International Journal of Organizational Analysis About the Previous Edition: "One of the book's best features is the awareness of ethical considerations reflected in many of the chapters. The authors deal with issues such as client consent to treatment, client participation in the selection of treatment goals, potential conflicts between parents and child therapists concerning the selection of target behaviors, and the use of aversive control procedures. All of this is quite good and very useful given the practical orientation of the book, an orientation certain to please frontline treatment personnel." --Contemporary Psychology

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CONTENTS
Preface to the Third Edition = ⅹ
How to Use This Book = xii
Introduction = xvii
 Origins of Behavior Modification = xviii
 Characteristics of Behavior Modification = xviii
 Applications of Behavior Modification = xix
 References and Resources = xxi
1. Specifying Behavior = 1
 Objectives = 1
 Observable Behavior = 1
 Case Example 1 : Behavioral Assessment of Drug Abuse = 3
 Clarifying Vague Terms and Fuzzy Language = 4
 Target Behavior = 4
 Measuring Response Strength = 5
 Behavioral Assessment Approach = 5
 Summary = 7
 References and Resources = 7
2. Positive Reinforcement = 8
 Objectives = 8
 Reinforcing Stimuli = 8
 Examples of Positive Reinforcement = 10
 Reinforcers and Rewards = 11
 Factors That Influence Reinforcer Effectiveness = 12
 How to Identify Potential Reinforcers = 12
 How to Evaluate the Effect of a Stimulus as a Positive Reinforcer = 16
 Reinforcement of Behavior : Social, Tangible, and Self-Administered = 19
 Summary = 20
 References and Resources = 20
3. Extinction = 22
 Objectives = 22
 Decreasing Response Strength = 23
 Single-Subject Evaluation Design for Case Studies = 24
 Applying Extinction to Decrease Undesired Behaviors = 25
 Case Example 2 : Decreasing Tantrum Behaviors = 27
 Ethical Considerations = 28
 Effects of Extinction = 29
 Consistency and Control of Reinforcement = 29
 Positive Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior = 30
 Spontaneous Recovery = 31
 Summary = 32
 References and Resources = 33
4. Positive Reinforcement Contingencies = 34
 Objectives = 34
 Behavioral Contingencies and Positive Reinforcement = 35
 Contingency Contracting = 35
 Accidental Contingencies = 38
 Self-Control Reinforcement Contingencies = 38
 The Premack Principle = 39
 Continuous and Intermittent Reinforcement = 40
 Summary = 41
 References and Resources = 42
5. Schedules of Reinforcement = 43
 Objectives = 43
 Intermittent Reinforcement Schedules = 43
 Case Example 3 : Conditioning Verbal Behavior = 46
 Characteristic Response Patterns of Four Intermittent Reinforcement Schedules = 49
 Summary = 52
 References and Resources = 53
6. Shaping and Response Differentiation = 55
 Objectives = 55
 Differential Reinforcement = 56
 Response Class = 56
 The DRO Procedure = 60
 Using DRO to Test Reinforcer Effectiveness = 61
 Shaping With Successive approximations = 62
 Summary = 64
 References and Resources = 65
7. Stimulus Control : Discrimination and Generalization = 67
 Objectives = 67
 Antecedents = 68
 Case Example 4 : Stimulus Control of Marital Interaction = 68
 The Discrimination-Training Procedure = 70
 Stimulus Control = 72
 Stimulus Fading = 74
 Stimulus Generalization = 76
 Summary = 79
 References and Resources = 80
8. conditioned Reinforcement and Chaining = 81
 Objectives = 81
 Conditioned Reinforcement = 82
 Simple and Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers = 83
 Establishing a Conditioned Reinforcer = 84
 Reinforcement History = 85
 Establishing Relationships With Clients = 86
 Fading Out Primary Reinforcers = 87
 Token Economy = 88
 Testing a neutral Stimulus as a Conditioned Reinforcer = 88
 Stimulus-Response Chains = 89
 Backward Chaining = 92
 Summary = 93
 References and Resources = 94
9. Modeling and Imitation = 96
 Objectives = 96
 Case Example 5 ; Developing Appropriate Behaviors in Group Treatment = 97
 The Role of Imitation in the Acquisition of Behaviors = 97
 Modeling Versus Shaping = 98
 The Modeling Plus Positive Reinforcement Procedure = 99
 Application of Modeling = 101
 The Use of Modeling in the Acquisition of Novel Behaviors = 101
 Assertiveness Training = 102
 Summary = 106
 References and Resources = 107
10. Punishment = 109
 Objectives = 109
 Punishment Defined = 110
 Aversive Stimuli and Punishers = 110
 Response-Contingent Presentation of a Punisher = 111
 Response-Contingent Removal of a Positive Reinforcer = 113
 Extinction and Punishment = 114
 Time-Out = 115
 Case Example 6 : The Parent as a Behavior Modifier = 116
 Maximizing the Effectiveness of Punishment = 117
 Disadvantages of Punishment = 118
 Alternatives to Punishment = 120
 Overcorrection = 121
 Punishment and Self-control = 122
 The Future of Punishment = 123
 Summary = 123
 References and Resources = 125
11. Negative Reinforcement = 127
 Objectives = 127
 Negative Reinforcers, Punishers, and Aversive Stimuli = 127
 Escape Behavior = 128
 Escape and Punishment = 130
 Avoidance Behavior = 131
 Phobias and Negative Reinforcement = 134
 Superstitious Behavior and Negative Reinforcement = 135
 Negative Reinforcement and Interpersonal Relationships = 136
 Summary = 136
 References and Resources = 137
12. Respondent conditioning = 139
 Objectives = 139
 Respondent Behavior = 139
 Respondent Conditioning = 140
 Emotional Behavior = 142
 Respondent Conditioning of Phobias = 143
 Escape, Avoidance, and Respondent Conditioning = 144
 Operant and Respondent control of Behaviors = 145
 Modifying Phobic Behaviors = 146
 Operant-Respondent Overlap = 151
 Modifying Behavioral Excesses = 152
 Summary = 154
 References and Resources = 156
13. Cognitive behavior Modification = 158
 Objectives = 158
 Covert Behaviors and the cognitive Approach = 158
 The Development of cognitive Behavior Modification = 159
 Cognitive Restructuring = 160
 Self-Instruction Training = 162
 Stress inoculation Training = 163
 Thought Stopping = 164
 Covert Sensitization = 164
 Summary = 166
 References and Resources = 167
14. Transfer of change = 169
 Objectives = 169
 Transfer of Change = 170
 Obstacles to Transfer of Change = 170
 Strategies for Promoting Transfer of Change = 171
 Case Example 7 : Developing Appropriate Conversation = 173
 Relapse Prevention = 175
 Community Involvement = 176
 Summary = 176
 References and Resources = 177
15 Elements of Behavioral Assessment = 179
 Objectives = 179
 Introduction to Behavioral Assessment = 180
 Elements of Behavioral Assessment = 180
 Sources of Assessment Information = 189
 Summary = 190
 References and Resources = 191
16. Conducting a Behavioral Assessment = 192
 Objectives = 192
 The Behavioral Assessment Procedure = 193
 RAC-S = 194
 Collecting Assessment Information = 196
 Application of RAC-S = 198
 Formulating Behavioral Change Goals = 199
 Ethical Issues in Goal Setting = 202
 Summary = 202
 References and Resources = 203
17. Intervention Planning and Evaluation = 205
 Objectives = 205
 Intervention Planning = 206
 Behavioral Assessment, Goal Setting, Intervention Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation = 206
 Treatment Contracts = 208
 Classification of Behavioral Techniques = 210
 Ethical considerations = 211
 Developing the Intervention Plan = 213
 Implementing the Behavioral Change Program for Tooth Brushing = 214
 Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Behavioral Change Program = 216
 Behaviorally Oriented Record Keeping = 216
 Case Example 8 : behavioral Treatment of Nonassertiveness = 217
 Client Satisfaction = 221
 Social Validity = 222
 Effectiveness of Behavior Modification = 222
 Summary = 223
 References and Resources = 224
Appendix 1 ; Case Examples = 226
Appendix 2 : Course pretest = 234
Appendix 3 : Course pretest Answers = 236
Appendix 4 : Chapter Pretests = 239
Appendix 5 : Chapter pretest Answers = 247
Appendix 6 : Chapter Posttests = 264
Appendix 7 : Chapter Posttest Answers = 273
Appendix 8 ; Course posttest = 303
Appendix 9 : Course Posttest Answers = 307
Appendix 10 : Notational Symbols and Paradigms = 316
Glossary = 319
Author Index = 332
Subject Index = 337
About the Authors = 346