CONTENTS
Preface = xi
PART 1 WHO IS SPEAKING? WHO IS LISTENING? = 1
Chapter 1 Public Speaking : An Introduction = 3
The Public Speaker's Role : Realizing Personal, Professional, and Societal Benefits = 3
Who Is the Speaker's Public? Comparing and Contrasting Types of Communication = 9
The Communication Process at Work = 11
Focus on Ethics, Critical Thinking, and Diversity : How to Avoid the Pitfalls of Ineffective Speechmaking = 13
Speaking of Ethnics : Who Is Responsible for a Speaker's Words, Action, and Effects? = 14
Speaking of Critical Thinking : Sense or Nonsense = 16
Considering Diversity : Today and Tomorrow = 19
Understanding and Handling Speech Anxiety and Stress = 21
Preparing for Your First Speech : Setting Your Sights on Effective Public Speaking = 26
How Good a Public Speaker Are You Prepared to Become? = 32
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT = 8
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Speech Fright vs. Speech Flight = 24
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : The Speechmaker's Inventory = 33
Summary = 33
The Speaker's Stand = 34
Student Focus Group Report = 35
Notes = 35
Chapter 2 Skillful Listening : What Is the Speaker Really Saying? = 37
What Listening Is and Is Not = 39
Why Listening Is Important = 43
Considering Diversity : Do We Listen for Different Things? = 42
Types of Listening = 49
Speaking of Critical Thinking : Listening Between the Lines = 51
The Unlisteners vs. the Listeners : The Ethics of Listening = 54
How to Enhance Your Listening Effectiveness = 57
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : How's Your LQ? = 45
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT : Charles Osgood = 46
Summary = 63
The Speaker's Stand = 63
Student Focus Group Report = 64
Notes = 65
PART 2 SPEECH PLANNING = 67
Chapter 3 Analyzing the Audience : Focusing on Your Listeners = 69
For Whom Are You Speaking? The Audience-Centered Speaker = 70
Cultural Diversity : The Adaptation Challenge = 70
Audience Analysis : What to Look for and How to Look for It = 71
Speaking of Ethics : Across Cultures = 80
Considering Diversity : Lessons for Today = 87
How to Find Out What You Need to Know = 90
How to Use What You've Discovered : Adapting to Your Audience = 94
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT : Peggy Noonan = 72
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Are Strangers Stranger? = 84
Summary = 94
The Speaker's Stand = 95
Student Focus Group Report = 95
Notes = 96
Chapter 4 Analyzing Your Purpose : Selecting a Topic = 99
Why Are You Speaking? = 100
Considering Diversity : The I Behind the Eye = 106
Getting More Specific : Developing Your General and Specific Purposes = 106
Speaking of Ethics : The Purpose Behind the Purpose = 112
Formulating Your Central Idea : Making Your Words Work = 113
Evaluating Your Choices = 116
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Self-Survey Chart = 101
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT : Don Aslett = 102
Summary = 117
The Speaker's Stand = 118
Student Focus Group Report = 118
Notes = 118
Chapter 5 The Speaker's Search for Materials : How to Research Your Topic = 121
The Value of Personal Knowledge : Tapping Your Reservoir of Experience = 122
Speaking of Ethics : Embellishing the Message = 124
The Value of Interviewing : How to Probe for Insights = 125
Considering Diversity : Whom Are You Prepared to Interview? = 130
The Value of Ordering Material by Mail : Writing Away for Data = 131
The Value of Library Research : The Source Search = 132
Speaking of Critical Thinking : The Catalogue Investigation = 135
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Am I Unique? How Can I Tell? = 123
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Plan the Interview = 128
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT : Demographic Research Team = 144
Summary = 150
The Speaker's Stand = 150
Student Focus Group Report = 151
Notes = 151
Chapter 6 Supporting What You Say : How to Integrate Supporting Materials into Your Speech = 153
Your Audience as Critical Thinkers = 154
The Power of Examples and Illustrations : The Role of Specific Instances and Narratives = 155
Considering Diversity : Male／Female Examples = 158
The Power of Explanations and Description : Can You Understand and See It? = 160
The Power of Definitions and Analogies : Further Increasing Audience Understanding = 163
The Power of Statistics : The Purpose Behind Numbers = 167
The Power of Testimony : Who Says So? = 173
Speaking of Critical Thinking : Whom Do You Trust? = 174
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Analogies = 166
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT : Playing With Numbers = 170
Summary = 176
The Speaker's Stand = 177
Student Focus Group Report = 178
Notes = 179
PART 3 PUTTING IT TOGETHER : THE PLAN TAKES SHAPE = 181
Chapter 7 Order Please! How to Organize the Body of Your Speech = 183
Why Organization Counts = 184
Speaking of Critical Ranking : Should Speakers Build Speeches Around Myths? = 185
Considering Diversity : Indirect Organization = 186
Building the Skeleton of Your Speech : Main Points First! = 187
Speaking of Ethics : Should Audience Education Affect Speech Structure? = 195
Making Connections : Is There Unity Behind Your Ideas? = 196
Speaking of Critical Thinking : Distract Them = 197
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : The Effects of Disorganization = 185
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : What's the Effect? = 191
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT : Labels That Are Easy to Remember = 193
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Topical Organization = 194
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Locating Transitions = 198
Summary = 199
The Speaker's Stand = 200
Student Focus Group Report = 200
Notes = 200
Chapter 8 The Starting Point and the Finish Line : Introducing and Concluding Your Speech = 203
The Introduction : Getting Off to a Good Start = 204
Speaking of Critical Thinking : Do Feelings Count? = 215
The Conclusion : It's Not Over Until It's Over = 221
Considering Diversity : From Start to Finish = 224
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT = 206
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Startling Statements = 209
Summary = 228
The Speaker's Stand = 228
Student Focus Group Report = 229
Notes = 229
Chapter 9 Outlining for Success = 233
The Speechmaker as Builder : The Nature of the Planning／Preparation Outline = 234
Speaking of Critical Thinking : Perceiving a Speech's Structure = 243
Considering Diversity : Who Is Processing the Speech? What Do They Expect = 245
Speaking of Ethics : The Organizational Sandwich = 247
Developing Speaker's Notes : Preparing to Speak the Speech = 247
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Group Outlines = 238
Summary = 248
The Speaker's Stand = 249
Student Focus Group Report = 251
Note = 251
PART 4 PRESENTATION SKILLS : SPEAKING THE SPEECH = 253
Chapter 10 The Speaker's Words : Language, Thought, and Action = 255
What Is Language? = 256
The Triangle of Meaning and the People Factor = 262
How to Use Language to Accomplish Your Goals = 264
Speaking of Critical Thinking : The Language of Approval and Disapproval = 268
Considering Diversity : What Does It Really Mean? = 274
What You Write Vs. What You Say Oral Vs. Written Style = 275
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT = 258
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Politically Correct = 266
Summary = 275
The Speaker's Stand = 276
Student Focus Group Report = 276
Notes = 277
Chapter 11 The Speaker's Delivery : Style, Voice, and Body Language = 279
Good Delivery : What's That? = 280
Delivery Styles : A Potpourri of Methods = 281
Speaking of Ethics : Is It Style over Matter? = 286
The Speaker's Voice : The Sound of Speech = 289
The Speaker's Body Language : Right Before Your Eyes = 294
Considering Diversity : Do the "Eyes" Have It? = 298
Speaking of Critical Thinking : Should We Be Focusing on How Instead of What or Vice Versa? = 303
Rehearsal : The Practice Promise = 304
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT = 282
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Distill the Thought = 288
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : "Ummm" = 294
Summary = 307
The Speaker's Stand = 307
Student Focus Group Report = 308
Notes = 308
Chapter 12 Speaking With Visual Aids = 311
Why Use Visual Aids? Gaining the Speaker's Advantage = 312
Kinds of Visual Aids = 315
Speaking of Critical Thinking : Are Visual Aids Thought Prodders or Emotionally Charged Distractors? = 316
Speaking of Ethics : Visuals and Perception = 322
Attaining the Visual Advantage : How to Get the Most from Your Visual Aids = 338
Considering Diversity : Visuallity = 338
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT = 314
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Visual Potpourri = 337
Summary = 341
The Speaker's Stand = 341
Student Focus Group Report = 342
Notes = 342
PART 5 AT THE SPEAKER'S STAND : SPEAKING FOR AN ARRAY OF PURPOSES = 345
Chapter 13 Speaking to Inform = 347
Types of Informative Speaking = 351
The Informative Speaker Speaks : Goals and Purposes = 359
Informative Speaking Guidelines : Techniques that Increase Your Effectiveness as an Informative Speaker = 363
Speaking of Critical Thinking : Challenge Your Topic, Your Listeners, and Yourself = 363
Considering Diversity : Who is Really Interested in what Information? Does Information Change with a New Audience? = 368
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Huh? (UNCLEAR) Vs. Aha! (Clear) = 360
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT = 362
Summary = 370
Sample Informative Speech with Commentary = 371
The Speaker's Stand = 374
Student Focus Group Report = 375
Notes = 375
Chapter 14 Speaking to Persuade = 377
How to Work with the Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values of Audience Members = 378
The Persuasive Speaker : Goals and Purposes = 380
Types of Persuasive Speaking = 384
Speaking of Critical Thinking : Side-Wise = 396
An Organizing Framework for a Persuasive Speech = 397
Persuasive Speaking and Audience Diversity : Strategies that Enhance Persuasive Speaking Effectiveness = 399
Considering Diversity : Are the Same Things Important to us All? = 415
Put Three Tenets of Persuasion into Practice = 416
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT = 382
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : How to Handle the Hierarchy of Needs = 415
Summary = 417
Sample Persuasive Speech with Commentary = 418
The Speaker's Stand = 421
Student Focus Group Report = 421
Notes = 422
Chapter 15 Speaking on Special Occasions = 425
The Ceremonial Speaker : Goals and Functions = 427
Types of Ceremonial Speaking = 427
Speaking of critical Thinking : The Power of Words in Ceremonial Discourse = 427
Considering Diversity : Who Is Introducing or Honoring Whom? = 433
Speaking of Ethics : Should We Give Speeches of Tribute or Deliver Eulogies Only for Those We Have Known Personally? = 446
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT On Eulogies = 443
Summary = 449
The Speaker's Stand = 450
Student Focus Group Report = 450
Notes = 450
Chapter 16 Speaking in the Small Group = 453
What is a Small Group? = 455
Considering Diversity : Contrasting Perceptions of the Group = 456
How Does Speaking Change When the Public You're Speaking to Shrinks? = 457
Small Group Leadership = 458
Small Group Membership = 463
Problem Solving in the Small Group : The Reflective Thinking Sequence = 463
Speaking of Critical Thinking : The Groupthink Fiasco = 466
Speaking of Ethics : How Equal Is Equal? = 468
Presenting the Outcomes of Group Discussion = 469
PROFESSIONAL INSIGHT : Judith B. Rosener = 460
SPEAKING OF SKILLBUILDING : Group Role-Call = 464
Summary = 471
The Speaker's Stand = 471
Student Focus Group Report = 472
Notes = 472
Credits = 474
Index = 476
