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Creativity is one of the least understood aspects of intelligence and is often seen as `intuitive' and not susceptible to rational enquiry. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in the area, principally in artificial intelligence and cognitive science, but also in psychology, philosophy, computer science, logic, mathematics, sociology, and architecture and design. This volume brings this work together and provides an overview of this rapidly developing field. It addresses a range of issues. Can computers be creative? Can they help us to understand human creativity? How can artificial intelligence (AI) enhance human creativity? How, in particular, can it contribute to the `sciences of the artificial', such as design? Does the new wave of AI (connectionism, geneticism and artificial life) offer more promise in these areas than classical, symbol-handling AI? What would the implications be for AI and cognitive science if computers could not be creative?
These issues are explored in five interrelated parts, each of which is introducted and explained by a leading figure in the field.
- Prologue (Margaret Boden)
- Part I: Foundational Issues (Terry Dartnall)
- Part II: Creativity and Cognition (Graeme S. Halford and Robert Levinson)
- Part III: Creativity and Connectionism (Chris Thornton)
- Part IV: Creativity and Design (John Gero)
- Part V: Human Creativity Enhancement (Ernest Edmonds)
- Epilogue (Douglas Hofstadter)
For researchers in AI, cognitive science, computer science, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, logic, sociology, and architecture and design; and anyone interested in the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence and creativity.


Creativity is one of the least understood aspects of intelligence and is often seen as `intuitive' and not susceptible to rational enquiry. Recently, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in the area, principally in artificial intelligence and cognitive science, but also in psychology, philosophy, computer science, logic, mathematics, sociology, and architecture and design. This volume brings this work together and provides an overview of this rapidly developing field. It addresses a range of issues. Can computers be creative? Can they help us to understand human creativity? How can artificial intelligence (AI) enhance human creativity? How, in particular, can it contribute to the `sciences of the artificial', such as design? Does the new wave of AI (connectionism, geneticism and artificial life) offer more promise in these areas than classical, symbol-handling AI? What would the implications be for AI and cognitive science if computers could not be creative?
These issues are explored in five interrelated parts, each of which is introducted and explained by a leading figure in the field.
- Prologue (Margaret Boden)
- Part I: Foundational Issues (Terry Dartnall)
- Part II: Creativity and Cognition (Graeme S. Halford and Robert Levinson)
- Part III: Creativity and Connectionism (Chris Thornton)
- Part IV: Creativity and Design (John Gero)
- Part V: Human Creativity Enhancement (Ernest Edmonds)
- Epilogue (Douglas Hofstadter)
For researchers in AI, cognitive science, computer science, philosophy, psychology, mathematics, logic, sociology, and architecture and design; and anyone interested in the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence and creativity.

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CONTENTS
SERIES PREFACE = xi
FOREWORD = xiii
PROLOGUE
 Creativity and Computers / MARGARET BODEN = 3
PART Ⅰ / FOUNDATIONAL ISSUES
 Introduction: On Having a Mind of Your Own / TERRY DARTNALL = 29
 Creativity, Thought and Representational redescription / TERRY DARTNALL = 43
 Connectionism and Cognitive Flexibility / ANDY CLARK = 63
 Re-representation and Emergent Information in Three Cases of Problem Solving / DONALD PETERSON = 81
 Psychological Issues in Modelling Creativity / ROGER WALES, TEPHANIE THORNTON = 93
 Goedel's Theorem and Creativity / GRAHAM PRIEST = 107
 Machine Predictability Versus Human Creativity / RICHARD McDONOUGH = 117
PART Ⅱ / CREATIVITY AND COGNITION
 Creativity and Cognition / GRAEME S. HALFORD, ROBERT LEVINSON = 139
 Introduction : Memory Retrieval and Analogical Mapping / JANET WILES, GRAEME S. HALFORD, Tensor Models : A Creative Basis for Memory Retrieval and Analogical Mapping / J ULIE E. M. STEWART ; MICHAEL S. HUMPHREYS ; JOHN D. BAIN ; WILLIAM H. WILSON = 145
 Experience-based Creativity / ROBERT LEVINSON = 161
 Creative Proof Planning / TOBY WALSH = 181
 Clues to Creativity / MAURITA HARNEY = 195
PART Ⅲ / CREATIVITY ; CONNECTIONISM
 Introduction : Creativity, Connectionism and Guided Walks / CHRIS THORNTON = 211
 Artificial Intelligence / Creatrivity ; ANTHONY DEKKER ; PAUL FARROW = 217
 The Evolution of Connectionist Networks / XIN YAO = 233
 Why Connectionist Learning Algorihms Need to be More Creative / CHRIS THORNTON = 245
PART Ⅳ / CREATIVITY AND DESIGN
 Introduction : Creativity and Design / JOHN S. GERO = 259
 Computational Models of Creative Design Processes / JOHN S. GERO = 269
 A Model of Creative Design Using a Genetic Metaphor / LEILA ALEM ; MARY LOU MAHER = 283
 Lateral Translation in Design / GERHARD SCHMITT ; SHEN-GUAN SHIH = 295
 Creativity, Invention and the Computational Metaphor : Prolegomenon to a Case Study / SUBRATA DASGUPTA = 309
PART Ⅴ / HUMAN CREATIVITY ENHANCEMENT
 Introduction : Computer-based Systems that Support Creativity / ERNEST EDMONDS = 327
 Cybernetic Serendipity Revisited / ERNEST EDMONDS = 335
 Amplifying Designers' Creativity with Domain-Oriented Design Environments / GERHARD FISCHER ; KUMIYO NAKAKOJI = 343
 Creativity in Social Sciences : the Computer Enhancement of Qualitative Data Analysis / TOM RICHARDS ; LYN RICHARDS = 365
 Cognitive Support and the Rhythm of Design / MIKE SHARPLES = 385
EPILOGUE
 How Could a Copycat ever be Creative? / DOUGLAS HOFSTADTER = 405
INDEX OF NAMES = 425
INDEX OF SUBJECTS = 435