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International business today functions in an environment increasingly dominated by the "triad" of economic power formed by the USA, Japan and the European Community. Multinational corporate strategies have to be formulated within the context of intense global competition between these three economic blocs. Alan Rugman and Alain Verbeke analyze the interplay between the trade policies adopted by the major powers and the competitive strategies of international corporations. For businesses located in small, open economies it is of paramount importance to secure access to the market of at least one of the triad powers. This reality forms a major determinant of corporate strategic management among international firms. With particular reference to trade relations between Canada and the USA, the effects of Japanese multinational dominance and the implications of European economic integration, this volume throws new light on the interaction between international business and government trade policies. It is aimed at students of international trade and business, corporate strategy and global management.

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CONTENTS
List of figures = ⅸ
List of tables = ⅹ
Acknowledgements = xi
1 Introduction = 1
 Triad power and corporate strategy = 1
 Corporate strategy and trade policy = 3
 Structure of the book = 3
2 Corporate strategic management = 7
 Introduction = 7
 Corporate strategic management and trade policy = 8
 The four options for strategic planners = 10
 Why non - efficiency strategies fail = 14
 Conclusion = 17
3 Trade policy and corporate strategy = 19
 The relevance of trade policy to corporate strategies = 19
 Trade policy formulation = 19
 Corporate influence on trade policy : the 1986 softwood lumber case = 23
 Problems in the administration of US trade law = 27
 US trade law implementation : an inefficient outcome = 28
 Conclusion = 30
4 Corporate strategy for trade barriers = 31
 The Canadian corporate response to US trade policies = 31
 Corporate strategy and trade policy = 32
 Corporate strategy and administered protection in this model = 37
 Corporate responses in Canada to US - administered protection = 37
 The rise of other types of protection in the United Sates = 41
 Conclusion = 42
 Appendix : Data on anti - dumping and countervail actions = 43
5 Global corporate strategy and the Free Trade Agreement = 49
 Sources of competitive advantage = 49
 Competitive strategies in global industries = 50
 An application to Canada - US free trade = 54
 Surveys and conclusion = 63
6 Trade and industrial policy in the triad = 65
 Introduction : trade policy in the triad = 65
 The assessment of international trade strategies = 66
 The US trade deficit = 68
 A classification of non - free policies = 69
 US trade policy = 75
 Japanese trade policy = 78
 Trade policy in the EC = 80
 Trade policy for the NICs = 84
 Conclusion = 84
7 Globalization and national responsiveness = 86
 Corporate strategies for Europe 1992 = 86
 The significance of sovereignty and integration = 90
 Investment and the Free Trade Agreement = 93
 The foreign ownership issue = 96
 Economic nationalism, free trade and triad power = 99
 Conclusion = 101
8 An industrial policy for a small open economy = 102
 Introduction : trade and industrial policy = 102
 Optimal trade and industrial policy in a small open economy = 102
 Building a model of trade and industrial policy = 104
 A strategic model of industrial policies = 105
 Industrial policy, entry barriers and small firms = 110
 Industrial policy and innovation = 111
 The issue of industrial targeting = 114
 Industrial policy and footloose manufacturing industries = 116
 Conclusion = 117
9 Industrial policy and global competition : Ontario's experience = 119
 The creation of efficient industrial policies = 119
 Industrial policy and global competition = 122
 The key objective : indigenous multinationals = 123
 Free trade and global strategy = 124
 An assessment of the Premier's Council Report = 124
 A model of the nature of industrial policy = 126
 The fourteen recommendations reviewed = 128
 Conclusion = 135
10 Conclusion = 137
 The global economy and efficient management = 137
 Efficiency versus shelter = 138
 Sovereignty and corporate strategy = 140
Notes = 142
Bibliography = 150
Name index = 159
Company index = 161
Subject index = 163