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After introduction to basic concepts, and a review of software design and development, describes, compares, and assesses five methods: Real-Time Structured Analysis and Design (RTSAD); Design Approach for Real-Time Systems (DARTS); Jackson System Development; Naval Research Lab/Software cost reduction; and Object-Oriented Design. Also presents, with illustrative case studies, two methods developed by the author, ADARTS, and CODARTS. With glossary, and annotated bibliography. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.

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CONTENTS
PART ONE Concepts = 1
 1 Introduction = 3
  1.1 A Wide Range of Applications = 3
  1.2 Concurrent Systems = 3
  1.3 Real-Time Systems = 5
  1.4 Distributed Applications = 6
 2 Software Life-cycle Considerations for Concurrent and Real-tlme Systems = 8
  2.1 Introduction = 8
  2.2 The Waterfall Life-cycle Model = 8
  2.3 Limitations of the Waterfall Model = 11
  2.4 Throwaway Prototyping = 12
  2.5 Evolutionary Prototyping by Incremental Development = 13
  2.6 Combining Throwaway Prototyping and Incremental Development = 13
  2.7 Spiral Model = 14
  2.8 Design Verification and Validation = 14
 3 Software Design Concepts = 15
  3.1 Concurrent Processing = 15
  3.2 Environments for Concurrent Processing = 18
  3.3 Run-time Support for Concurrent Processing = 20
  3.4 Information Hiding = 23
  3.5 Object-Oriented Concepts = 26
  3.6 Finite State Machines = 28
PART TWO Survey of Software Design Methods = 33
 4 Overview of Software Design Methods = 35
  4.1 Introduction = 35
  4.2 Software Design Terminology = 35
  4.3 Evolution of Software Design Methods = 36
  4.4 The Boundary Between Requirements and Design = 38
  4.5 Criteria for Selecting Software Design Methods = 39
  4.6 Rationale for Methods Selected = 39
  4.7 Software Design Strategies for Concurrent and Real-Time Systems = 40
  4.8 Problem Description for Cruise Control and Monitoring System = 41
 5 Structured Analysis and Design for Real-Time Systems = 44
  5.1 Overview of RTSAD = 44
  5.2 Basic Concepts = 45
  5.3 Notation = 45
  5.4 Steps in Method = 46
  5.5 Products of RTSAD = 49
  5.6 Cruise Control and Monitoring System Case Study = 50
  5.7 Assessment of Method = 65
  5.8 Extensions and／or Variations = 67
 6 DARTS (Design Approach for Real-Time Systems) = 68
  6.1 Overview = 68
  6.2 Basic Concepts = 69
  6.3 Notation = 69
  6.4 Steps in Method = 70
  6.5 Products of Design Process = 71
  6.6 Cruise Control and Monitoring System Case Study = 72
  6.7 Assessment of Method = 76
  6.8 Extensions and Variations = 77
 7 Jackson System Development (JSD) = 78
  7.1 Overview = 78
  7.2 Basic Concepts = 78
  7.3 Notation = 79
  7.4 Steps in Method = 80
  7.5 Products of Design Process = 81
  7.6 Cruise Control and Monitoring System Case Study = 82
  7.7 Assessment of Method = 88
  7.8 Extensions and Variations = 89
 8 Naval Research Laboratory Software Cost Reduction Method = 90
  8.1 Overview = 90
  8.2 Basic Concepts = 91
  8.3 Notation = 91
  8.4 Steps in Method = 92
  8.5 Products of Design Process = 93
  8.6 Cruise Control and Monitoring System Case Study = 93
  8.7 Assessment of Method = 102
 9 Object-Oriented Design = 103
  9.1 Overview = 103
  9.2 Basic Concepts = 103
  9.3 Notation = 104
  9.4 Steps in Method = 105
  9.5 Products of Design Process = 106
  9.6 Cruise Control and Monitoring System Case Study = 106
  9.7 Assessment of Method = 111
  9.8 Extensions and Variations = 112
 10 Comparison of Concurrent and Real-Time Software Design Methods = 113
  10.1 Introduction = 113
  10.2 Concurrent Tasks Comparison = 113
  10.3 Information Hiding and Objects Comparison = 115
  10.4 Finite State Machines Comparison = 116
  10.5 Timing Constraints = 117
 11 Performance Analysis of Concurrent and Real-time Software Designs = 119
  11.1 Introduction = 119
  11.2 Performance Models = 119
  11.3 petri Nets = 122
  11.4 Real-time Scheduling Theory = 123
  11.5 Performance Analysis Using Event Sequence Analysis = 134
  11.6 Performance Analysis Using Real-time Scheduling Theory and Event Sequence Analysis = 135
PART THREE ADARIS (Ada-based Design Approach for Real-Time Systems) and CODARTS (Concurrent Design Approach for Real-Time Systems) = 137
 12 Overview of ADARTS and CODARTS = 139
  12.1 Introduction = 139
  12.2 Origins of ADARTS and CODARTS = 139
  12.3 Features of ADARTS and CODARTS = 140
  12.4 Conceptual Foundations for ADARTS and CODARTS = 141
  12.5 Integration of Concepts = 143
  12.6 Steps in Using ADARTS = 144
  12.7 Steps in Using CODARTS = 144
  12.8 ADARTS and CODARTS Notation = 145
 13 Analysis and Modeling for Concurrent and Real-time Systems = 152
  13.1 Introduction = 152
  13.2 Developing the Environmental Model = 153
  13.3 System Decomposition into Subsystems = 156
  13.4 Notation for Behavioral Model = 162
  13.5 Modeling Objects in the Problem Domain = 167
  13.6 Modeling Functionality in the Problem Domain = 172
  13.7 Behavioral Analysis = 176
  13.8 Example of State Dependent Behavioral Analysis = 178
  13.9 Non-state Dependent Behavioral Analysis = 184
  13.10 Example of Non-state Dependent Behavioral Analysis = 184
  13.11 Comparison with Other Methods = 186
 14 Task Structuring = 187
  14.1 Introduction = 187
  14.2 Concurrent Task Structuring Issues = 188
  14.3 Task Structuring Categories = 189
  14.4 I／O Task Structuring Criteria = 189
  14.5 Internal Task Structuring Criteria = 193
  14.6 Task Cohesion Criteria = 197
  14.7 Task Priority Criteria = 205
  14.8 Developing the Task Architecture = 207
  14.9 Task Communication and Synchronization = 208
  14.10 Design Restructuring Using Task Inversion = 218
  14.11 Task Behavior Specifications (TBS) = 221
 15 Information Hiding Module Structuring = 225
  15.1 Introduction = 225
  15.2 Information Hiding Module Structuring Categories = 226
  15.3 Device Interface Modules (DIM) = 226
  15.4 Behavior Hiding Modules = 228
  15.5 Software Decision Modules = 232
  15.6 Information Hiding Module Aggregation Hierarchy = 233
  15.7 Inheritance in Design = 233
  15.8 Informal Specification of Information Hiding Modules = 236
 16 Integration of Task and Information Hiding Module Views = 238
  16.1 Concepts = 238
  16.2 Asynchronous Device I／O = 239
  16.3 Polled I／O = 240
  16.4 Internal Tasks and Modules = 242
  16.5 Concurrent Access to Modules = 243
  16.6 Example of Synchronization of Access to Module = 244
  16.7 Example of Resource Monitor Task and Device Interface Module = 248
  16.8 Task Behavior Specification (TBS) for Software Architecture Diagram = 249
 17 Ada-based Architectural Design = 251
  17.1 Mapping Design to Target System Environment = 251
  17.2 Ada Support Tasks = 252
  17.3 Synchronized Access to Data Stores = 252
  17.4 Message Communication = 253
  17.5 Event Buffering Task = 256
  17.6 Other Support Tasks = 256
  17.7 Defining Task Entries = 257
  17.8 Packaging the Tasks = 257
  17.9 Task Behavior Specification for Ada Architecture Diagram = 258
 18 The Later Phases of Software Development In ADARTS and CODARTS = 260
  18.1 Define Component Interfaces = 260
  18.2 Incremental Development = 261
 19 Performance Analysis of ADARTS and CODARTS Designs = 263
  19.1 Introduction = 263
  19.2 Example of Performance Analysis Using Events Sequence Analysis = 263
  19.3 Simulation Modeling = 266
  19.4 Example of Performance Analysis Using Real-time Scheduling Theory = 267
  19.5 Example of Performance Analysis Using Real-time Scheduling Theory (RTST) and Event Sequence Analysis = 269
  19.6 Design Restructuring = 275
 20 Design of Distributed Applications = 276
  20.1 Introduction = 276
  20.2 Distributed Processing Concepts = 276
  20.3 Steps in Designing Distributed Applications = 286
  20.4 System Decomposition = 280
  20.5 Defining Subsystem Interfaces = 283
  20.6 Subsystem Decomposition into Tasks = 286
  20.7 Design of Server Subsystems = 287
  20.8 System Configuration = 290
 21 Trends in Software Design Methods = 292
  21.1 Eclectic Design Methods = 292
  21.2 Domain Analysis and Design Methods = 293
  21.3 CASE Tools and Software Development Environments = 293
  21.4 Executable Specifications and Designs = 293
  21.5 Performance Analysis of Real-Time Designs = 294
  21.6 Application of Knowledge-based Tochniques = 294
  21.7 Application of Formal Methods = 294
PART FOUR Case Studies = 297
 22 Cruise Control and Monitoring System Case Study = 299
  22.1 Develop Environmental and Behavioral Models = 299
  22.2 Structure System into Tasks = 311
  22.3 Structure System into Modules = 321
  22.4 Integrate Task and Module Views = 332
  22.5 Develop Ada-based Architectural Design = 335
  22.6 Define System Subsets = 337
 23 Robot Controller Case Study = 340
  23.1 Introduction = 340
  23.2 Develop RTSA Specification = 342
  23.3 Structure System into Tasks = 344
  23.4 Structure System into Modules = 350
  23.5 Integrate Task and Module Views = 351
  23.6 Develop Ada-based Architectural Design = 353
  23.7 Real-time Scheduling in Robot Contro1ler System = 353
 24 Elevator Control System Case Study = 358
  24.1 Introduction = 358
  24.2 Develop Behavior Model = 358
  24.3 Structure System into Tasks = 366
  24.4 Structure System into Modules = 371
  24.5 Integrate Task and Module Views = 373
  24.6 Develop Ada-based Architectural Design = 373
  24.7 Distributed Elevator Control System = 375
  24.8 Performance Analysis of Non-distributed Elevator Control System = 382
  24.9 Performance Analysis of Distributed Environment = 389
 25 Distributed Factory Automation System Case Study = 394
  25.1 Problem Description of Factory Automation System = 394
  25.2 System Decomposition = 395
  25.3 System Architecture = 398
  25.4 Design of Line Workstation Controller Subsystem = 402
  25.5 Design of Alarm Handling Subsystem = 406
  25.6 System Configuration = 407
  25.7 Real-time Scheduling = 407
Appendix Teaching Considerations = 409
 A.1 Prerequisites = 409
 A.2 Suggested Academic Courses = 409
 A.3 Suggested Industrial Courses = 410
 A.4 Worked Examples = 410
 A.5 Design Exercises = 41l
Glossary = 413
Annotated Bibliography = 425
Bibliography by Subject Matter = 439
Index = 443