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`This is a "how to" book on qualitative methods written by people who do qualitative research for a living.... It is likely to become the standard manual on all graduate and undergraduate courses on qualitative methods' - Professor Robert Walker, School of Sociology and Social Policy, University of Nottingham

What exactly is qualitative research? What are the processes involved and what can it deliver as a mode of inquiry?

Qualitative research is an exciting blend of scientific investigation and creative discovery. When properly executed, it can bring a unique understanding of people's lives which in turn can be used to deepen our understanding of society. It as a skilled craft used by practitioners and researchers in the `real world'; this textbook illuminates the possibilities of qualitative research and presents a sequential overview of the process written by those active in the field.

Qualitative Research Practice:

- Leads the student or researcher through the entire process of qualitative research from beginning to end - moving through design, sampling, data collection, analysis and reporting.

- Is written by practising researchers with extensive experience of conducting qualitative research in the arena of social and public policy - contains numerous case studies.

- Contains plenty of pedagogical material including chapter summaries, explanation of key concepts, reflective points for seminar discussion and further reading in each chapter

- Is structured and applicable for all courses in qualitative research, irrespective of field.

Drawn heavily on courses run by the Qualitative Unit at the National Centre for Social Research, this textbook should be recommended reading for students new to qualitative research across the social sciences.

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CONTENTS
Notes on Contributors = ⅸ
Editors' Acknowledgements = xii
Preface = xiii
1 The Foundations of Qualitative Research / Dawn Snape ; Liz Spencer = 1
 Defining qualitative research = 2
 The historical development of qualitative research = 5
 Key philosophical and methodological issues in qualitative research = 12
 The 'approach' within this book = 18
 Key points = 22
 Key terms = 22
 Further reading = 23
2 The Applications of Qualitative Methods to Social Research / Jane Ritchie = 24
 Theoretical and applied research = 24
 The functions of qualitative research = 26
 The functions of different qualitative methods = 34
 Combining qualitative and quantitative methods = 38
 Key points = 44
 Key terms = 45
 Further reading = 46
3 Design Issues / Jane Lewis = 47
 Defining the research questions = 48
 Building design around research settings and populations = 49
 Selecting the time frame for research = 53
 Choosing a data collection method = 56
 Negotiating research relationships = 62
 Resourcing and timetabling qualitative research studies = 71
 Key points = 74
 Key terms = 75
 Further reading = 76
4 Designing and Selecting Samples / Jane Ritchie ; Jane Lewis ; Gillian Elam = 77
 Sampling strategies for qualitative research = 77
 Study populations = 86
 Sample frames = 88
 Designing a purposive sample = 96
 Implementing the sample Design = 104
 Key points = 107
 Key terms = 107
 Further reading = 108
5 Designing Field work Strategies and Materials / Sue Arthur ; James Nazroo = 109
 Structuring data collection = 110
 Designing topic guides = 115
 Incorporating other research instruments and materials = 127
 Preparing for fieldwork and refining fieldwork strategies = 133
 Key points = 136
 Key terms = 137
 Further reading = 137
6 In-depth Interviews / Robin Legard ; Jill Keegan ; Kit Ward = 138
 The in-depth interview = 139
 The staging of an interview = 144
 Asking questions to achieve breadth and depth = 148
 Question formulation = 153
 Further techniques for achieving depth = 155
 Practical considerations = 165
 Key points = 168
 Key terms = 168
 Further reading = 169
7 Focus Groups / Helen Finch ; Jane Lewis = 170
 Features and types of focus group = 171
 Group processes and the stages of a focus group = 174
 Conducting the discussion = 180
 Using the group process : some further strategies = 185
 Group composition and size = 190
 Practicalities in organising the group = 193
 Key points = 197
 Key terms = 197
 Further reading = 198
8 Analysis : Practices, Principles and Processes / Liz Spencer ; Jane Ritchie ; William O'Connor = 199
 Traditions and approaches within qualitative analysis = 200
 Computer-assisted qualitative methods = 206
 The key requirements of analytic tools = 209
 The analytic hierarchy = 213
 Key points = 217
 Key terms = 217
 Further reading = 218
9 Carrying Out Qualitative Analysis / Jane Ritchie ; Liz Spencer ; William O'Connor = 219
 Data management = 220
 Descriptive accounts = 237
 Explanatory accounts = 248
 Analysing group data = 257
 Key points = 261
 Key terms = 262
 Further reading = 262
10 Generalising from Qualitative Research / Jane Lewis ; Jane Ritchie = 263
 Definitions of generalisation = 264
 Approaches to generalisation = 266
 Reliability and validity = 270
 Generalising from qualitative data = 277
 Key points = 284
 Key terms = 285
 Further reading = 286
11 Reporting and Presenting Qualitative Data / Clarissa White ; Kandy Woodfield ; Jane Ritchie = 287
 Challenges facing the qualitative reporter = 288
 Forms of research outputs = 290
 Writing a qualitative research report = 293
 Displaying qualitative evidence - some general features and principles = 301
 Oral presentations = 315
 Key points = 319
 Key terms = 320
 Further reading = 320
References = 321
Index = 331