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What do European societies look like, at the end of a turbulent millennium which saw western Europe slowly rise to global domination, and then rapidly decline to its present position, prosperous but clearly behind the USA in world influence? This is the only book by a single sociologist to make a systematic and up to date comparison of virtually all west European countries in relation to Japan and the USA, and across a wide range of social institutions, from work and economy to gender and the family.

What do European societies look like, at the end of a turbulent millennium which saw western Europe slowly rise to global domination, and then rapidly decline to its present position, prosperous but clearly behind the USA in world influence? This is the only book by a single sociologist to make a systematic and up to date comparison of virtually all west European countries across a wide range of social institutions. These include: work and occupations, the structure of the economy, the family, education, religion, nationality and ethnicity, and the mechanism of citizenship in the welfare state. Particular emphasis is placed on the place of gender and social class. By including basic details on Japan and the United States throughout, the author is able to draw attention to any shared west European specificities. The book also develops a theory of change in contemporary societies. Starting from a model of a mid-century social compromise based on certain balances between industrialism, capitalism, traditional community institutions, and community it traces its subsequent destabilization and places particular importance on the resurgence of capitalism in shaping a new social order. This important new study of the social structure of western Europe will be essential reading for all students of comparative sociology and European sociology.

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CONTENTS

Preface = xi

Acknowledgements = xvi

List of Figures = xvii

List of Tables = xix

List of Appendix Tables = xxi

Abbreviations = xxii

INTRODUCTIONS = 1

 Prologue : The End of the European Millennium = 1

 1 The Making of Contemporary Europe = 32

PART Ⅰ THE FATE OF INDUSTRIALISM : INDUSTRIALIZING, INDUSTRIAL, OR POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES? = 49

 2 Work, Households, and Occupations = 53

 3 The Organization of Working Life : Between Stability and Flexibility = 68

 4 The Sectors of Employment = 96

PART Ⅱ CHANGES AND DIVERSITY IN THE CHARACTER OF CAPITALISM = 121

 5 Capitalism and Inequality in Work = 125

 6 The Institutions of Modern Capitalism = 167

PART Ⅲ SOCIOLOGICAL LIBERALISM AND THE INSTITUTIONS OF TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY = 195

 7 The Family = 199

 8 Families, Education, and Social Mobility = 231

 9 The Paradox of Religion = 255

 10 Nations, Cultures, and Ethnicities = 283

PART Ⅳ CITIZENSHIP = 309

 11 Democracy and Mass Participation = 313

 12 The Organization of Social Interests = 344

 13 Mass Citizenship and Welfare States = 366

CONCLUSIONS = 391

 14 Is There a Western European Form of Society? = 393

 15 What Type of Society Are We Now Inhabiting? = 410

Statistical Appendix = 427

References = 489

Index = 521