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As more and more of the population live to old age, The Merck Manual to Health & Aging targets the growing need for a useful source of information about later life. With explanations of how the body ages, preventative medical care and good nutrition, common disorders in older adults and how to cope with disease, the book seeks to cover what other books on aging do not.

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Section 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF AGING
Age-Old Questions 
When Does a Person Become Old? 
Why Does the Body Change? 
Why Does Function Decline? 
How the Body Ages 
Eyes 
Ears 
Mouth and Nose 
Skin
Bones and Joints 
Muscles and Body Fat 
Brain and Nervous System 
Heart and Blood Vessels 
Muscles of Breathing and the Lungs 
Digestive System 
Kidneys and Urinary Tract 
Reproductive Organs 
Endocrine System
Immune System 
The Aging of America 
Finances
Living Arrangements 
Disability and Disease 
Causes of Death 
Worldwide Aging 

Section 2
CARING FOR SELF AND OTHERS
Preventive Medical Care 
Goals of Prevention 
Tools of Prevention 
Healthy Lifestyle; Vaccines; Screening
Maintaining Good Nutrition
How Aging Affects Nutritional Needs; How
Disorders and Drugs Change Nutritional Needs; Screening for Adequate Nutrition; Reading Food
Labels
Drugs and Aging 
Benefits and Risks; Reasons for Increased
Risk; Maximizing Benefits, Reducing Risks; Remembering to Take Drugs; Nonprescription
Drugs
Complementary or Alternative Medicine 
Dietary Supplements 
Chiropractic 
Acupuncture 
Magnet Therapy 
Homeopathy 
Communicating With Health Care Practitioners 
Selecting a Primary Care Doctor 
Communicating With a New Primary Care Doctor
Communicating During Subsequent Visits 
Continuity of Care 
What Can Interfere With Continuity?; Who Provides Care?; Where Is Care Provided?; How to Improve Continuity
Understanding Medical Tests 
Types of Medical Tests; Uses of Medical Tests; Making Decisions About Tests; Challenges Faced by Older People; Questions to Ask the Doctor
Specific Tests 
Hospital Care 
Going to the Emergency Department 
Being Admitted to the Hospital 
Problems Due to Hospitalization 
Implementing Preventive Strategies 
Being Discharged From the Hospital 
Undergoing Surgery 
Before an Operation
At the Time of an Operation 
After an Operation 
Rehabilitation
Treatment of Pain and Inflammation 
Physical Therapy
Occupational Therapy
Speech Therapy 
Rehabilitation for Specific Problems 
Heart Disorders; Stroke; Hip Surgery; Replacement of a Knee; Amputation of a Leg; Speech Disorders; Blindness; Hearing Loss
Long-Term Care 
Retirement Communities; Assisted Living
Communities; Board-and-Care Facilities; Life-Care Communities; Nursing Homes
Caregiving 
Who Are Caregivers?; Rewards of
Caregiving; Challenges in Caregiving; Getting Help
Palliative and End-of-Life Care 
Reducing Suffering 
Retaining Control Over Decisions 
Palliative Care and Hospice Care 
Peace and Resolution 

Section 3
MEDICAL CONDITIONS
Nutritional Disorders 
Undernutrition 
Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies
Obesity
Water and Electrolyte Balance
Dehydration 
Overhydration 
Problems With Electrolyte Balance 
Hypothermia and Hyperthermia 
Hypothermia 
Hyperthermia 
Dizziness and Fainting 
Dizziness 
Fainting 
Falls 
Osteoporosis
Fractures 
Hip Fractures 
Compression Fractures of the Spine 
Shoulder Fractures
Wrist Fractures 
Pain 
Confusion 
Delirium
Dementia
Alzheimer’s Disease 
Vascular Dementia 
Lewy Body Dementia 
Stroke 
Nerve Disorders 
Trigeminal Neuralgia 
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Neuropathies
Postpolio Syndrome
Movement Disorders
Myoclonus
Dystonia
Tardive Dyskinesia and Akathisia 
Essential Tremor 
Parkinson’s Disease 
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy 
Shy-Drager Syndrome 
Sleep
Changes in Sleep Patterns With Aging; Physical and Mental Health Disorders
Affecting Sleep
Insomnia 
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness 
Limb Movement Disorders 
Sleep Apnea
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Circadian Rhythm Disorders
Other Sleep Disorders 
Mental Health Disorders 
Depression 
Anxiety
Psychosis
Thyroid Disorders 
Hypothyroidism
Hyperthyroidism 
Thyroid Nodules
Diabetes Mellitus 
Skin Disorders
Dry Skin 
Itching 
Rosacea 
Seborrheic Dermatitis 
Shingles 
Pressure Sores 
Venous Ulcers 
Eye Disorders 
Cataract 
Glaucoma
Age-Related Macular Degeneration 
Diabetic Retinopathy 
Disruptions of Blood Supply
Retinal Tears and Detachment 
Disorders of Tear Production 
Eyelid Disorders 
Hearing and the Ear 
Hearing Loss 
Tinnitus 
Earwax 
Nose and Throat Disorders
Rhinitis
Sinusitis 
Voice Disorders
Mouth and Dental Disorders 
Tooth Decay 
Periodontal Disease 
Dry Mouth 
Tooth Loss
Burning Mouth Syndrome
Mouth Sores 
Foot Disorders
Corns and Calluses
Bunion 
Hammer Toe 
Heal or Arch Pain 
Onychauxis and Onychogryphosis 
Onychomycosis 
Arthritis 
Osteoarthritis 
Rheumatoid Arthritis 
Gout 
Pseudogout 
Infectious Arthritis 
Temporal Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica 
High Blood Pressure
Blood Vessel Disorders
Atherosclerosis
Peripheral Arterial Disease 
Aortic Dissection 
Aneurysms 
Varicose Veins
Superficial Thrombophlebitis
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Coronary Artery Disease 
Heart Failure
Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Premature Beats 
Atrial Flutter and Atrial Fibrillation 
Ventricular Tachycardia 
Ventricular Fibrillation
Sinus Bradycardia and Sick Sinus Syndrome 
Heart Block 
Heart Valve Disorders 
Aortic Stenosis 
Aortic Regurgitation
Mitral Stenosis 
Mitral Regurgitation 
Blood Disorders 
Anemia
Low Platelet Count 
Clotting Disorders 
Thrombocythemia 
Polycythemia Vera 
Myelofibrosis 
Finding and Living With Cancer
Screening 
Recognizing the Warning Signs
Confirming the Diagnosis and Staging
Guidelines for Treatment 
Living With Cancer 
Cancers 
Breast Cancer 
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Colorectal Cancer
Lung Cancer 
Mouth, Head, and Neck Cancers 
Multiple Myeloma.
Prostate Cancer 
Skin Cancer 
Vulvar Cancer
Pneumonia and Influenza
Pneumonia
Influenza
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 
Swallowing and Reflux Disorders 
Dysphagia 
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Bowel Movement Disorders 
Constipation 
Diarrhea 
Fecal Incontinence 
Urinary Tract Infections 
Urinary Incontinence 
Female Genital and Sexual Disorders
Inflammation of the Vulva and Vagina 
Vulvar Pain 
Skin Disorders of the Vulva
Vaginal Bleeding 
Pelvic Support Disorders 
Decreased Sexual Drive 
Male Genital and Sexual Disorders 
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Prostatitis 
Inguinal Hernia 
Erectile Dysfunction
Decreased Sex Drive 
Retrograde Ejaculation 
Exercise 
Why Exercise?.
Starting to Exercise 
Types of Exercise 
Exercise for People With a Disorder: Arthritis; Coronary Artery Disease; Dementia; Diabetes; Disabilities; Heart Failure; Lung Disorders; Parkinson’s Disease; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Stroke

Section 4
SOCIAL, LEGAL, AND ETHICAL ISSUES
Coping With Change 
Life-Changing Events 
Retirement; Losing a Loved One; Changes in Living Arrangements
Staying Connected
Driving 
Crash Rates and Traffic Violations
The Reasons for Problems 
Ways of Compensating 
A Driving Decision
Intimacy
Intimacy and Long-Term Relationships
Intimacy and Dating 
Intimacy and Sex 
Intimacy and Dementia 
Intimacy and Families 
Intimacy and Privacy 
Intimacy in Gay Relationships 
Intimacy in Other Relationships
Mistreatment 
Types of Mistreatment; Prevention of Mistreatment; Responding to Mistreatment
Understanding Legal and Ethical Issues 
Informed Consent
Confidentiality 
Capacity
Competency 
Advance Directives 
Living Will; Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care
Surrogates 
Paying for Health Care 
Medicare 
Medicaid 
Private Insurance 
Understanding Managed Care 
APPENDIXES
Drug Names: Generic and Trade 
Resources for Help and Information 
INDEX

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