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Few eras took education so seriously or were so innovative in their approaches to schools and universities as the Renaissance. At the same time, religious and political concerns strongly influenced educational developments. This third volume of articles by Paul F. Grendler explores the close connections between education, religion, and politics at several levels and in different contexts. It combines detailed research into various kinds of schools with broad overviews of European and especially Italian education. The lead article compares Italian and German universities and assesses the impact of the Protestant Reformation on the latter. Even Erasmus, the great critic of university theologians, felt the need to acquire a doctorate in theology and did so. In Italy, the new schools of the Jesuits and the Piarists taught boys and young men gratis, but not without opposition. Two articles deal with students, the consumers of education. While teachers and students were most directly involved in schools and universities, ecclesiastical and political authorities, including the leaders of the Republic of Venice, the subject of the final study, kept a watchful eye on them.

This third volume of articles by Paul F. Grendler explores the connections between education, religion, and politics. It combines detailed research, such as on Erasmus's doctorate and the new schools of the Jesuits and Piarists, with broad overviews of European and especially Italian education. Two of the studies appear here for the first time in English.

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Contents: Preface; The universities of the Renaissance and Reformation; How to get a degree in fifteen days: Erasmus' doctorate of theology from the University of Turin; Students of the schools and students of the university; What Piero learned in school: 15th-century vernacular education; Italian schools and university dreams during Mercurian's generalate; The attempts of the Jesuits to enter Italian universities in the 16th and 17th centuries; The Piarists of the pious schools; Renaissance humanism, schools and universities; Man is almost a God: Fra Battista Carioni between Renaissance and Catholic Reformation; The adages of Paolo Manuzio: Erasmus and the Roman censors; The leaders of the Venetian state, 1540-1609: a prosopographical analysis; Index.

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