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Intro -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Empirical and Nonempirical Research: An Overview -- Systematic Inquiry -- Some Roles for Research -- Types of Research -- Variables -- Getting Started with Research -- Summary -- Review Questions -- References -- Chapter 2 Ethical Considerations -- Protection of Human Participants -- Special Protections -- Historical Perspective -- Institutional Review Boards -- Research Integrity -- Avoiding Conflicts of Interest -- Credit for Intellectual Effort -- Attribution of Ideas -- Accuracy in Reporting Information -- Data Management -- Confidentiality and Privacy -- Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HIPAA -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Learning Activities -- References -- Appendix 2–1. Research Scenario -- Responsible Conduct of Research Scenario -- Discussion Questions -- Chapter 3 Identifying and Formulating Research Questions -- Identifying Important Questions -- Formulating Research Questions -- Ways to Formulate a Research Problem -- Evidence-Based Practice Questions -- Criteria for Well-Formed Questions -- Establishing Validity and Reliability -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Learning Activities -- References -- Chapter 4 Completing a Literature Search and Literature Review -- Purposes of a Literature Search -- Planning and Conducting a Search -- Search Tools -- Designing a Search Strategy -- Organizing and Documenting Your Literature Search -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Learning Activities -- References -- Appendix 4–1. Electronic Literature Search -- Chapter 5 Nonexperimental Research Design -- Nonexperimental Research Designs -- Survey Research -- Case Studies -- Longitudinal Research -- Correlation and Regression -- Group Comparisons -- Causal-Comparative Research -- Qualitative Research -- Ethnography -- Grounded Theory -- Case Study -- Phenomenology -- Conversation Analysis -- Scientific Rigor in Qualitative Research -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Learning Activities -- References -- Chapter 6 Experimental Research and Levels of Evidence -- Experimental Research Designs -- Posttest-Only Designs -- Pretest–Posttest Randomized Control Group Design -- Solomon Randomized Four-Group Design -- Switching Replications Design -- Factorial Designs -- Importance of Experimental Control -- History -- Maturation -- Statistical Regression -- Instrumentation -- Selection -- Mortality -- Quasi-Experimental Approaches -- Nonequivalent Control Group Designs -- Repeated Measures Group Design -- Single-Subject Designs -- Single-Subject Design Quality -- Experimental Designs and Levels of Evidence -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Learning Activities -- References -- Appendix 6–1. Research Scenario -- Chapter 7 Research Participants and Sampling -- Populations and Samples -- Sample Characteristics -- Sampling Methods -- Simple Random Sampling -- Systematic Sampling -- Stratified Random Sampling -- Cluster Sampling -- Purposive Sampling -- Random Assignment -- Sample Size -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Learning Activities -- References -- Chapter 8 Data Analysis: Describing Different Types of Data -- Levels of Measurement -- Visual Representation of Data -- Descriptive Statistics -- Frequencies and Percentages -- Measures of Central Tendency -- Measures of Variability -- Means as Estimates -- Shapes of Distributions -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Learning Activities -- References -- Chapter 9 Data Analysis: Inferential Statistics -- Inferential Statistics -- Measures of Association -- Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient -- Coefficient of Determination -- Spearman Rank-Order Correlation -- Chi Square and Contingency Coefficient -- Simple Regression and Multiple Regression -- Testing for Differences Between Two Samples -- Independent and Paired t-Tests -- Confidence Intervals -- Mann-Whitney U -- Sign Test and Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test -- Testing for Differences Among Three or More Samples -- Statistical Analysis for Factorial Designs -- Additional Tools for Analyzing Clinical Data -- Caution in the Use and Reporting of Statistics -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Learning Activities -- References -- Chapter 10 Research Outcomes: Clinical Guidance, Research Reports -- Knowledge Base for Evaluating Clinical Research -- Critical Appraisal -- How Applicable Are the Findings -- Reporting Research Findings -- Components of a Research Report -- More on the Review of Literature -- Writing Guidelines and Writing Style -- Disseminating Research Findings -- Summary -- Review Questions -- Learning Activities -- References -- Index -- .