CONTENTS
Foreword / Shigehisa Hattori = xiii
Preface = xv
PART ONE APPLICATIONS CHALLENGES
CHAPTER 1 IDENTIFYING THE NATURE OF COMPLEXITY = 1
1-1 Introduction = 1
1-2 New Concepts in Software Engineering = 2
1-3 Grand Design and Macroscopic Knowledge = 5
1-4 Avoiding the Traps Posed by Tunnel Vision = 7
1-5 Flexibility, Metaconcepts, and Behavioral Views = 10
1-6 Metaknowledge and Object Knowledge = 13
1-7 An Object-Oriented Approach for Microscopic Detail = 15
CHAPTER 2 REARCHITECTURING BUSINESS OPERATIONS THROUGH OBJECT ORIENTATION = 19
2-1 Introduction = 19
2-2 Why an Object Approach Is Architecturally Sound = 20
2-3 Developing a Flexible and Adaptable Software Basis = 23
2-4 Organizing the Business Architecture = 26
2-5 Supporting Customers and Financial Assets = 29
2-6 Objects and Business Agreements = 33
2-7 Global Financing and Regulatory Compliance = 34
2-8 An Object-Oriented Business Analysis in Manufacturing = 37
CHAPTER 3 THE CONTRIBUTION OF FUZZY ENGINEERING = 42
3-1 Introduction = 42
3-2 Concepts Underlying Fuzzy Engineering = 43
3-3 Using Intelligence to Exploit Database Resources = 46
3-4 Intentional and Extensional Reference Levels = 48
3-5 Alternative Ways of Instructing the Machine = 50
3-6 Introduction to Concept of Knowledgebanks = 52
3-7 Introduction to the Mathematics of Fuzzy Engineering = 55
CHAPTER 4 APPLYING NEW TRANSACTIONAL TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS = 61
4-1 Introduction = 61
4-2 Overriding Need for Analytical Capability = 63
4-3 Networks, Databases, and Workstations = 64
4-4 Information Technology and Marketing Strategy = 67
4-5 Keeping Ahead or Behind Competition? = 69
4-6 Enterprise Information and Database Mining = 72
4-7 Market Competitiveness and Transaction Handling = 74
4-8 Product Development and Market Sensitivity = 76
CHAPTER 5 PROMOTING INNOVATION IN DATABASE OPERATIONS = 80
5-1 Introduction = 80
5-2 Applications-Dependent and Applications-Independent Databases = 82
5-3 Integrating Logical and Numeric Computing Problems = 85
5-4 Project IMKA, the Initiative for Managing Knowledge Assets = 88
5-5 Interactive Implementation Procedures Through IMKA = 91
5-6 Developing Systems Support for the IMKA Project = 93
5-7 Giving Risk Management and Security the Attention that They Deserve = 96
CHAPTER 6 GETTING A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF AVAILABLE DATABASE RESOURCES = 99
6-1 Introduction = 99
6-2 Establishing and Following a Strategic Information Plan = 100
6-3 Observing a Fast Development Timetable = 102
6-4 An Integrative Approach in Handling Information Resources = 105
6-5 Seamless and Effective Management of Client Accounts = 108
6-6 Benefits Obtained Through an Object Structure = 110
6-7 Using Information Technology to Get Results = 113
CHAPTER 7 GLOBAL AND LOCAL ISSUES IN DATABASE MANAGEMENT = 116
7-1 Introduction = 116
7-2 Concept of a Global Database = 118
7-3 A Distributed Object-Oriented Solution = 122
7-4 Modeling the Distributed Support Structure = 125
7-5 Objects and Message Passing Facilities = 127
7-6 Mobility Control in an Object Environment = 130
7-7 Reconfiguring the Global Database Architecture = 133
PART TWO TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER 8 DISTRIBUTED DEDUCTIVE DATABASES = 137
8-1 Introduction = 137
8-2 Deductive and Object-Oriented Databases = 138
8-3 Discourse Knowledge and World Knowledge = 141
8-4 Deductive Facilities of a Query = 142
8-5 Knowledgebanks and Deductive Databases = 145
8-6 Role Played by Prototypes = 148
8-7 Concept of Dynamic Metadata = 150
CHAPTER 9 FACING THE GROWING COMPETITION IN THE SERVICE INDUSTRY = 153
9-1 Introduction = 153
9-2 A Rewarding Meeting with American Airlines = 154
9-3 Dynamic Implementation of Technology = 156
9-4 Three Prototypes with Object-Oriented Applications = 159
9-5 New Ground Cut by COVIA of United Airlines = 163
9-6 Databases and Supercomputers = 166
9-7 Applications Demanding Supercomputing Resources = 168
CHAPTER 10 SETTING THE STAGE FOR CORSS-DATABASE FUNCTIONALITY = 170
10-1 Introduction = 170
10-2 Increasing Complexity of Distributed Databases = 171
10-3 Dealing with Preexisting Incompatible Structures = 174
10-4 Federated Databases and the Normalization Process = 176
10-5 Prototyping the Metalayer of Distributed Databases = 178
10-6 Deductive Approaches and Value-Added Solutions = 181
10-7 Contribution of Knowledge Engineering to Deductive Functionality = 184
CHAPTER 11 KNOWLEDGEBANKS AND DATABASES = 188
11-1 Introduction = 188
11-2 Concept of KBMS versus DBMS = 189
11-3 Capitalizing on Logic over Data = 193
11-4 Smart and Intelligent Engines = 194
11-5 Exploiting Domain and Method = 197
11-6 Knowledgebank Organization and Operation in a Distributed Environment = 200
11-7 Demons and Knowledgebank Management = 204
CHAPTER 12 TOWARD KNOWLEDGEBANK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS(KBMS) = 208
12-1 Introduction = 208
12-2 Brief History of Knowledgebank Management Systems = 209
12-3 Reconsidering the Relational DBMS Functionality = 212
12-4 Object Versus Relational DBMS = 214
12-5 Managing a Distributed Artificial Intelligence Environment = 216
12-6 Using Fuzzy Associative Memory : A Practical Example = 219
12-7 Natural Language and Fuzzy Cognitive Models = 222
CHAPTER 13 INTENTIONAL AND EXTENSIONAL DATABASES = 225
13-1 Introduction = 225
13-2 Intentional Services Through Knowledge Management = 226
13-3 Intentions, Extensions, and Constraints = 230
13-4 Supporting a Homogeneous Schema Through IDB and EDB = 234
13-5 Intentional Databases and Query Optimizers = 237
13-6 Advent and Usage of Expert Databases = 239
13-7 Benefits from the Intentional Database Approach = 242
PART THREE THE POLYVALENT MEDIA
CHAPTER 14 COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND THE ENDUSER = 246
14-1 Introduction = 246
14-2 Business Perspective of Interactive Multimedia = 247
14-3 Brief Look into Evolution of Computer Graphics = 249
14-4 Graphic User Interface = 251
14-5 Programmatic Interfaces and Communications protocols = 254
14-6 Models of Events and Opportunities in Visualization = 257
14-7 Graphic Metafiles and Object Solutions = 259
14-8 Integrating Graphics Projects and Frameworks = 262
CHAPTER 15 PHYSICAL, LOGICAL, AND GRAPHIC USER INTERFACES = 266
15-1 Introduction = 266
15-2 Processing Bandwidth in an Object Environment = 267
15-3 How Can We benefit from objects in Multimedia Environments? = 269
15-4 Physical and Logical Presentation Capabilities = 272
15-5 advent of Knowledge Robots(Knowbots) = 276
15-6 Using Knowbots in Connection with an Intelligent Network = 279
15-7 Concepts and Applications in Virtual Reality = 281
15-8 Virtual World and Telepresence = 283
CHAPTER 16 OBJECT ORIENTATION, HYPERMEDIA, AND SEMANTIC MODELING = 286
16-1 Introduction = 286
16-2 Object-Oriented Multimedia Databases = 287
16-3 Are There Standards for Document Exchange? = 291
16-4 Optical Input and Advanced Solutions = 292
16-5 A Need for Knowledge-Enriched Software = 294
16-6 Service Provided by Hypermedia = 297
16-7 Concepts of Nodes and Browsers = 300
16-8 A Growing Requirement for Semantic Modeling = 302
CHAPTER 17 MULTIMEDIA AND THE CORPORATE DATABASE = 305
17-1 Introduction = 305
17-2 Why Should We Care about Multimedia Databases? = 306
17-3 Organizational and Logistical Aspects with Multimedia Solutions = 309
17-4 Conceptual Models and Multimedia Systems Architecture = 312
17-5 Parameters Controlled by Class Description = 314
17-6 Relational Extensions and Binary Large Objects = 317
17-7 Audio and Video Information Elements = 319
CHAPTER 18 TEXT AND IMAGE WAREHOUSES FOR DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT = 323
18-1 Introduction = 323
18-2 Content Labels and Information systems Visibility = 324
18-3 Conquering the Text Frontier of the 1990s = 328
18-4 Object Approaches to Document Handling = 330
18-5 Memory-Based Reasoning and Document Search = 334
18-6 Benefits to Be Derived from Logic Modeling = 335
18-7 Office Document Architecture and Text Processing = 337
Appendix : A Comparison of GUI and CUI = 341
Ackowledgments = 345
Index = 353
