CONTENTS
1 Environmental Problems and Statistics = 1
2 A Brief Review of Statistics = 7
3 Plotting Data = 25
4 Smoothing Data = 35
5 Seeing the Shape of a Distribution = 41
6 External Reference Distributions = 49
7 Using Transformations = 57
8 Estimating Percentiles = 65
9 The Limit of Detection = 71
10 Simple methods for Analyzing Data that Are Below the Limit of Detection = 81
11 Estimating the Mean of Censored Samples = 91
12 Assessing Conformance with a Standard = 97
13 Assessing the Average of Differences = 103
14 Assessing the Difference of Two Averages = 111
15 Assessing the Difference of Proportions = 115
16 Multiple Paired Comparisons of k Averages = 123
17 Analysis of Variance to Compare k Averages = 129
18 Estimating Variance Components in Experimental Measurements = 137
19 Multiple Factor Analysis of Variance = 145
20 Factorial Experimental Designs = 151
21 Fractional Factorial Experimental Designs = 161
22 Screening of Important Variables = 171
23 Correlation Coefficients = 181
24 Assessing Serial Correlatio = 185
25 Estimating Parameters Using the Method of Least Squares = 191
26 The Precision of Estimated Parameters = 201
27 Calibration = 213
28 Empirical Model Building by Linear Regression = 221
29 The Coefficient of Determination, R² = 229
30 Regression Analysis with Categorical Variables = 235
31 The Effect of Autocorrelation on regression = 243
32 The Iterative Approach to Modeling = 251
33 Seeking Optimum conditions by Response Surface Methodology = 257
34 Designing Experiments to Estimate Parameters in Nonlinear Models = 265
35 Why Linearization Can Bias Parameter Estimates = 273
36 Fitting Models to Multiresponse Data = 279
37 A Problem in Model Discrimination = 287
38 Adjustment of Survey Data = 295
39 How Measurement Errors Are Transmitted into Calculated Values = 301
40 Using Simulations to Study Statistical Problems = 309
41 Intervention Analysis = 315
Appendix - Statistical Tables = 325
Index = 329
