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This introductory information systems book helps readers overcome the challenges of sorting through IS issues, concepts, and terms to maintain a current and relevant knowledge base in the midst of an information revolution. Chapter topics include IS use in business, computer hardware and software, databases for business applications, telecommunications, the internet, electronic commerce, client/server computing, managerial decision making, designing and developing IS systems, and computer security. For individuals with varying degrees of technical experience, interested in exploring the changes in the field of IS that are transforming society, business, and our personal lives.

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CONTENTS

Preface = xx

PART ONE ORGANIZATIONAL OVERVIEW OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS = 2

 Chapter 1 : Information Systems : A Framework for Success = 3

  Information Systems for Success = 2

  Technology Payoff : Staying Ahead of the Game = 4

  The Field of Information Systems = 4

   Information System Knowledge and Skills = 5

  Ethics for Success : Does the Punishment Fit the Crime? = 8

  Global IS for Success : Think Locally, Act Globally = 9

   Information Systems Careers = 9

  Information Systems : Systems That Deliver Information = 10

  Careers for Success : Michael Bell of Novartis, IS Relationship Manager = 11

   What Is a System? = 12

   System Components = 13

   Characteristics of Open Systems = 14

   What Is Information? = 14

  The Relationship Between Information Systems and Technology = 17

   Information Systems versus Information Technology = 17

   The Right Fit between Information Technology and Information Systems = 18

  Information Systems and Decision Making = 20

   Structured and Unstructured Decisions and Information Systems = 20

   Individual, Group, and Organizational Decisions = 21

  Information Systems : Opportunities and Challenges = 22

   Opportunities = 22

   Challenges = 24

  Business Guidelines for Information Systems Success : A Framework = 25

  Summary = 26

  Key Terms = 26

  Review Questions = 27

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 27

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 28

   Case 1 : Technology to Monitor Stress = 28

   Case 2 : Computer Crime Costs on the Rise = 28

   Case 3 : A Million-Dollar Question! = 29

   Case 4 : NATO Buys into Technology = 29

 Chapter 2 : How Businesses Use Information Systems = 31

  Information Systems for Success = 30

  Technology Payoff : The Ritz-Carlton's Savvy Salesforce = 32

  Structuring the Business to Work Effectively = 32

   Marketing = 32

   Manufacturing and Services = 33

   Finance and Accounting = 33

   Human Resources = 33

  Careers for Success : Business Technologists = 35

  Types of Information Systems = 35

   Information Systems Based on Type of Decisions = 36

   Functional Information Systems = 38

  Marketing Information Systems = 38

   Databases That Improve Customer Service = 40

   Point-of-Sale Systems = 40

   Segmentation Systems = 40

  Ethics for Success : Two Giants Collide = 41

  Information Systems for Manufacturing and Service = 42

   Automation Systems = 42

   Logistics Systems = 43

   Material Requirements and Manufacturing Resource Planning Software = 44

   Agile Manufacturing and Enterprise Resource Planning = 44

  Financial and Accounting Information Systems = 46

  Human Resource Information Systems = 49

  Putting the Functions Together : Cross-Functional Systems = 52

  Global IS for Success : An All-Star Team at Tambrands = 53

  Global Information Systems = 53

  Business Guidelines for Business Information Systems Success = 55

   Give Employees Information Access for Improved Decision Making = 55

   Problems Won't Go Away. Opportunities Will. Be Prepared to Act on Both. = 56

   Use Information Systems to Improve Customer Satisfaction = 56

   Integration Leads to Success = 56

   Take Calculated Risks = 57

  Summary = 57

  Key Terms = 58

  Review Questions = 58

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 58

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 60

   Case 1 : The Japanese Are Reluctant to Automate = 60

   Case 2 : Viacom International = 60

   Case 3 : Bean Counters = 61

PART TWO TECHNICAL FOUNDATIONS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS = 62

 Chapter 3 : Computer Hardware = 63

  Hardware for Success = 62

  Technology Payoff : Everest Is the Limit = 64

  Fundamentals of Data Representation = 64

  The Five Computer Components = 65

   The Central Processor = 66

   Secondary Storage = 68

   Input Devices = 73

   Output Devices = 74

   Communication Devices = 75

  Global IS for Success : An International Appeal = 76

  Types of Computers = 76

   Supercomputers = 77

   Mainframes = 77

   Midrange, or Minicomputers = 78

   Workstations = 78

   Network Computers = 78

  Ethics for Success : Hardware's Role = 79

   Microcomputers or Personal Computers(PCs) = 80

   Mobile Computers : Laptops, Notebooks, Handheld, and Pen-based = 80

  How to Buy a PC = 82

   Processor = 82

  Careers for Success : Financial Technologists = 82

   Clock Speed = 83

   RAM = 84

   Secondary Storage = 84

   Expansion Slots = 84

   Monitors = 85

   Timing Your PC Purchase = 85

   Leasing a Computer = 86

   Caring For The Environment = 86

  Business Guidelines for Hardware Success = 86

  Summary = 87

  Key Terms = 88

  Review Questions = 88

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 89

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 90

   Case 1 : Insurance Agents Spiral toward the Future. . .Slowly = 90

   Case 2 : Southwest Airlines Flies High = 90

   Case 3 : Culture Change = 91

   Case 4 : Unbelievable, But True = 91

 Chapter 4 : Computer Software = 93

  Software for Success = 92

  System Software = 93

  Technology Payoff : A Delicate Balancing Act on the Internet = 94

  System Control Software = 95

   Resource Management = 95

   File Management = 96

   User Management = 96

   Operating System Environments = 96

  Types of Operating Systems = 98

   MS-DOS = 98

   Windows Operating System = 99

  Global IS for Sucuess : P&G Strikes Gold! = 100

   Windows NT = 102

   UNIX Operating System = 103

   The OS／2 Operating System = 104

   Linux = 105

   Mac OS = 106

   To Upgrade or Not to Upgrade to a New Operating System? = 106

  System Support Software = 108

  System Development Software = 108

  Application Software = 108

   General-Purpose Software = 109

  Application-Dedicated Software = 111

  Ethics for Success : Profiling Systems = 114

  Programming Languages = 115

   Object-Oriented Programming = 118

   Visual Programming = 119

   Java = 119

  Careers for Success : What's in a Title? = 120

  Business Guidelines for Software Success = 120

   Software for Personal Success = 120

   Plan for Quality = 120

   Make or Buy? = 121

   Develop Criteria for Software Investments That Support Business Goals = 121

   Remember That Software Is More Than Just Automation = 121

   Keep It Simple = 122

   Follow Software Development Guidelines = 122

   Pay Attention to Ethics If You Want Long-Term Profits = 122

  Summary = 123

  Key Terms = 124

  Review Questions = 124

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 125

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 126

   Case 1 : "The Tao of Goo" = 126

   Case 2 : Gerber Takes Giant Steps = 126

   Case 3 : United Nations Faces a Formidable Task = 127

 Chapter 5 : Database Design and Management = 129

  Using Databases for Success = 128

  Technology Payoff : Disney Won't Go Up in Smoke = 130

  Storing Quality Data = 131

   The Data Hierarchy = 131

   Primary Keys = 132

  Database Management System = 133

   Advantages and Disadvantages = 134

  Ethics for Success : The Database Trail = 135

   Components = 135

  Logical View versus Physical View of Data = 139

  Relationships : The Crux of Databases = 140

  Data Models Help Represent Problems = 141

   Hierarchical Data Model = 142

   Network Model = 142

   Relational Model = 143

  Global IS for Success : B&V Goes High Tech = 145

  Data Warehouse = 145

  Careers for Success : Architects for Data Warehouses = 147

  Data Mining = 148

  Distributed Databases = 149

   Advantages = 151

   Disadvantages = 151

  Business Guidelines for Database Management Success = 151

   Use the Database to Improve Decision Making = 151

   Recognize That Databases Are Competitive Weapons for All Businesses = 151

   Design the Database to Meet Users' Communication Needs = 152

   Show Decision Makers How Their Choices Affect the Business = 152

   Use the Database to Become Consumers' Company of Choice = 152

   Plan for Appropriate Security = 153

   Plan for Database Maintenance = 153

  Summary = 153

  Key Terms = 154

  Review Questions = 154

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 155

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 156

   Case 1 : Fraud Busters = 156

   Case 2 : Staying in Touch = 156

   Case 3 : No Place Like New York = 157

PART THREE THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION = 158

 Chaptet 6 : Telecommunications and Networks = 159

  Telecommunications for Success = 158

  Technology Payoff : Liz Claiborne Goes Fashionable with Global Networks = 160

  The Technical Foundations of Telecommunications = 160

  Telecommunication Standards : Protocols = 163

  Channel Services Providers = 163

  Telecommunications Media = 164

   Bounded Media = 164

   Unbounded Media(Wireless Communication) = 164

  Types of Telecommunication Networks = 167

   PBX, ISDN, LAN, WAN, MAN, and VAN = 167

   Network Topology = 170

  Applications of Telecommunications = 171

   Electronic Data Interchange = 171

   Teleconferencing = 173

   Videoconferencing = 173

   Fax = 174

   Voice Mail = 174

  Global Networks = 174

  Careers for Success : Telecom Financial Analyst = 175

  Business Guidelines for Telecommunications Success = 176

   Plan for the Challenge and Demands of Network Management = 177

   Plan for the Long Term = 177

   Consider the External and Internal Effects of Telecommunications Decisions = 177

  Global IS for Success : Being a CIO in a Connected World = 178

   Investigate What the Telecommunications Investment Will Do for the Business = 178

   Secure the Network to Protect Valuable Information = 179

  Summary = 179

  Key Terms = 180

  Review Questions = 180

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 181

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 182

   Case 1 : Fruits Are No Small Matter = 182

   Case 2 : Shell Malaysia Goes High Tech = 183

 Chapter 7 : The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets = 185

  Internet for Success = 184

  Technology Payoff : Keeping a Web Page on Ice = 186

  What Is the Internet? = 187

   The Internet Is an Information Superhighway = 189

   The Internet Is a Network of Networks = 189

  Internet Tools = 191

   Information Retrieval Tools = 191

   Information Search Tools = 193

   Communication Tools = 193

  Ethics for Success : Yo, Ho, the Pirate's Life for Me = 196

   World Wide Web = 196

  Global IS for Success : Staying in Touch = 199

  Intranets = 202

   Intranet Strategies = 203

   Intranet Applications = 203

  Extranets = 204

   Extranet Applications = 205

   Extranet Strategies = 206

  Ethics and the Internet = 206

  Business Guidelines for Internet Success = 208

   View the Internet as a Survival Tool = 208

   Plan for Security = 208

   Devote Sufficient Resources to Handle Maintenance and Management = 208

   Do Not Forget the Basics = 208

   Remember That Data Are Sacred = 208

  Summary = 209

  Review Questions = 210

  Key Terms = 210

  Discussion Questions and Projects = 210

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 212

   Case 1 : Changing the world One Camper at a Time = 212

   Case 2 : The Angry Voice of the Web = 213

 Chapter 8 : Electronic Commerce = 215

  Electronic Commerce for Success = 214

  Technology Payoff : Estee Lauder Sells Beauty = 216

  How Electronic Commerce Works = 217

  Models of Electronic Commerce = 219

   Business to Business = 219

   Business to Business／Individuals = 220

   Individual to Individual = 220

  Building and Maintaining Effective Electronic Commerce Sites = 220

   Keep the Site Interesting = 220

   Ensure Privacy and Security = 221

   Inform First = 222

   Encourage Price Comparisons = 222

   Develop a Great Electronic Sales Team = 222

   Keep It Simple = 223

   Encourage Customers to Visit the Physical Store = 224

   Build Cyberspace Loyalty = 224

  Promises of Electronic Commerce = 225

   Creates Customer Power = 225

   The World Is Your Marketplace = 225

   Increases Business Efficiency = 226

   Builds a Closer Bond between Suppliers and Customers = 226

  Challenges of Electronic Commerce = 226

   Immature Technology = 227

   Consumer Distrust = 227

   The Difficulty and Expense of Maintaining and Managing Electronic Commerce Sites = 228

   Security Concerns = 228

   Societal Challenges = 228

  Ethics for Success : Is Privacy Sacred on EC Sites? = 229

   Ambiguous Laws Governing Electronic Commerce = 229

   Staff Shortages = 229

  Careers for Success : Web Master for EC Sites = 230

  Global Electronic Commerce = 230

   Asia = 231

   Europe = 233

   Latin America = 234

   Australia = 234

   Africa = 235

  Business Guidelines for Electronic Commerce Success = 236

   Timing Is Everything = 236

   Avoid the Bandwagon Mentality = 237

   Plan for and Invest in Customer Service = 237

   Think Globally but Act Locally = 237

  Summary = 237

  Key Terms = 238

  Review Questions = 238

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 239

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 240

   Case 1 : Michelin Is on a Roll! = 240

   Case 2 : Deutsche EC Trailbiazers = 240

PART FOUR CREATING AND MANAGING BUSINESS DATA AND INFORMATION = 242

 Chapter 9 : Client／Server Computing = 243

  Client／Server Systems for Success = 242

  Technology Payoff : Strong Link in the Chain = 244

  What Is a Client／Server System? = 244

   Interactions between Client and Server = 245

   The Growth in Client／Server Computing = 248

  Comparing the Client／Server and Local Area Network Environments = 250

  Global IS for Success : Freighting Instead of Fretting? = 251

  Client／Server Applications = 251

  Advantages and Disadvantages of Client／Server Systems = 252

   Advantages of Client／Server Systems = 253

   Disadvantages of Client／Server Systems = 254

  Business Guidelines for Client／Server Success = 257

   Know Thy Business and Its Goals = 257

   Plan, Plan, Plan = 258

   Training Is the Key = 258

   Make Sure That Data Has Integrity = 258

   Establish Standards = 259

  Summary = 259

  Key Terms = 260

  Review Questions = 260

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 260

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 262

   Case 1 : The Reengineering Blues = 262

   Case 2 : Art Goes High Tech = 262

 Chapter 10 : Information Systems for Managerial Decision Making = 265

  Building Information Systems for Success = 264

  Technology Payoff : Beetle Mania = 266

  Making Operational Decisions with Transaction Processing Systems = 266

   Steps in Transaction Processing = 269

  Management Information Systems for Decision Making = 272

  Global IS for Success : GE Medical Narrows It Down to Seconds = 273

  Intelligent Support Systems = 274

   Decision Support Systems = 274

   Components of a Decision Support System = 276

   Features of a Decision Support System = 276

   Decision Models = 277

   Group Decision Support Systems = 278

   Executive Information Systems = 279

  Ethics for Success : Would a GDSS Ease This Conflict? = 279

   Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems = 280

  Expert Systems = 281

   Components of an Expert System = 282

   Examples of Expert Systems = 284

  Neural Networks = 285

  Business Guidelines for TPS, MIS, and ISS Success = 286

   Get The Commitment of Top Management = 287

   The More Integrated the System, the Greater the Benefits = 287

   Benefits Are More Than Just Bottom Line = 287

   Business Drives the Choice of Information Systems Technology, Not the Other Way Around = 288

   T Is for Trust = 288

  Summary = 288

  Key Terms = 289

  Review Questions = 289

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 290

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 292

   Case 1 : Whirlpool Sets a Swirl on Prices = 292

   Case 2 : UPS Delivers on Its Information Promise = 292

PART FIVE APPROACHES TO DESIGNING, DEVELOPING, AND MANAGING IS = 294

 Chapter 11 : System Analysis and Design : Methodologies and Tools = 295

  Developing Systems for Success = 294

  Technology Payoff : FedEx Pilots Fly Off the Handle = 296

  System Development Life Cycle(SDLC) = 297

   System Definition = 299

   System Analysis = 299

   System Design and Programming = 301

   System Development = 301

   System Testing and Implementation = 301

   System Maintenance = 303

   Limitations of the SDLC = 303

  Prototyping = 303

  End-User Computing = 305

  Off-the-Shelf Software Packages = 305

  Outsourcing = 306

   Why Do Organizations Outsource? = 307

  Ethics for Success : Some Outsourcing ABCs = 308

  Careers for Success : IS Venture Managers = 310

  Decision-Making Framework for Selecting IS Tools = 310

  Structured Tools = 310

   Tools Used to Analyze and Design Systems = 311

   Tools Used to Capture and Represent System Data = 313

   Tools Used to Capture and Represent Processes = 314

   Tools Used to Convert Program Specifications into Code = 317

  Business Guidelines for System Development Success = 318

   Every Information System Is a Business System = 318

   The Business of IS Departments Is Change = 318

   Systems Development Is a Venture, Not an End in Itself = 319

   One Size Doesn't Fit All-Especially in a Global Environment = 319

   Build the Development Team = 319

   It's All about Users = 320

  Summary = 321

  Key Terms = 321

  Review Questions = 322

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 322

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 324

   Case 1 : Building Blocks for a New Age = 324

   Case 2 : Outsourcing Baggage = 324

   Case 3 : Temporary Problem? = 325

 Chapter 12 : Computer Security = 327

  Security for Success = 326

  Technology Payoff : Stealing from the King = 328

  What Is Computer Security? = 328

  Why Are Information Systems Vulnerable? = 330

   Increased Access to the System = 331

   Increased System Complexity = 332

   Cyber Terrorism on the Internet = 332

   Networks Are the Weakest Link in the Chain = 333

   Complacent Management = 333

  Types of Computer Security Breaches = 334

   Accidental or Unintentional Errors = 335

   Intentional Errors = 335

  Global IS for Success : Australia's Telstra = 339

   Natural Disasters = 339

  Security Controls = 340

   Application Controls = 340

   Development Controls = 342

   Physical Facility Controls = 343

  Disaster Recovery Plan = 344

  Business Guidelines for Security Success = 345

   Recognize the Symptoms of Security Breaches = 345

   Be Watchful of Disgruntled Employees = 346

   Involve Law Enforcement When You Suspect a Security Breach = 346

   Build Security Partnerships = 346

   Convince Top Management That Security Is Not an Option, It's a Requirement = 346

  Summary = 347

  Key Terms = 348

  Review Questions = 348

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 348

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 350

   Case 1 : Monitoring Employees = 350

   Case 2 : Disaster Strikes Only the Unprepared = 351

 Chapter 13 : Managing Knowledge, Change and IS Personnel : The Next Challenges = 353

  Information Systems and Success = 352

  Technology Payoff : Harvard Leads the Way = 354

  Knowledge Management and Information Systems = 354

   What Is Knowledge Management? = 354

   Converting Information to Knowledge = 355

   Using IS to Manage Knowledge = 356

   Strategic Implications of Knowledge Management = 357

  Global IS for Success : Chocolate, Diapers, and Soaps = 360

  Change Management and IS = 360

   Technology and Change = 361

   Strategic Implications of Change Management = 362

  Strategies for Managing Change = 366

  Organizing the IS Department = 368

  Careers in IS : Achieving Success = 369

   Business Technologist = 370

   Programmer and Systems Analyst = 370

   Database Expert = 370

   Networking Specialist = 370

   Web and E-Commerce Specialist = 370

   Project Manager = 371

   Knowledge Managers or "Knowledge Czars" = 371

   Chief Information Officer = 371

  Careers for Success : Crafting the Technical Resume = 372

  The Person／Career Fit = 372

  Summary = 373

  Key Terms = 374

  Review Questions = 374

  Discussion Questions and Exercises = 374

  Critical-Thinking : Cases for Success = 376

   Case 1 : Ford Races Ahead in Knowledge Management = 376

   Case 2 : Biting Off as Much as They Could Chew at Dow Chemical = 377

Glindex = 379

Company Index = 405

Endnotes = 413

Photo Credits = 427