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This comprehensive text offers coverage of organizational behaviour and is content oriented. By using this text the lecturer may assign journal articles, readings of other literature and their students should understand such references and make the connection with material found in the book. Appendices provide background for the student on how to understand statistics, and how to read a journal article. New features in this edition include: material on contemporary organizational issues; virtual organizations, virtual teams, contingent employees and learning teams; and coverage of micro and macro topics.

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CONTENTS

Chapter 1 MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR = 1

 Learning about Organizational Behavior = 2

 Ethics and Organizational Behavior = 3

 A Historical Framework for the Study of Management and OB = 5

 Pre-Scientific Management = 7

 Classical Management = 8

 Neoclassical Management and Organization Theory = 12

 Modern Management and Organization Theory = 15

 Societal Change and Organizational Behavior = 20

 OB and Emerging Technologies = 20

 The Quality Movement = 23

 Discontent and Cynicism in the Workplace = 24

 Sociodemographic Diversity in the Workplace = 25

 Fads and Foibles in Management = 26

 Summary = 27

 Notes = 27

Chapter 2 THE RESEARCH PROCESS IN ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR = 34

 Organizational Research Methods and Techniques = 35

 Deductive Reasoning = 35

 Inductive Reasoning = 36

 Theory Development = 37

 Designation of Variables = 38

 Research Approaches and Designs = 39

 Data Collection and Measurement = 47

 Questionnaires = 47

 Interviewing = 48

 Storytelling = 49

 Direct Observation = 49

 Participant Observation = 50

 Unobtrusive Measures = 50

 Triangulation = 50

 Measurement = 51

 Ethical Considerations in Organizational Research and Data Collection = 53

 Theory Building, Postmodernism, and Theory Deconstruction = 54

 Notes = 56

Chapter 3 PERCEPTION, ATTITUDES, AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES = 60

 Basic Internal Perceptual Organizing Patterns = 61

 Gestalt Psychology = 61

 External Factors in Perception = 63

 Social and Interpersonal Perception = 65

 Perceptual Distortion = 65

 Attribution Theory = 67

 Perception and Individual Differences = 69

 Personality = 69

 Self-Concept = 72

 An Informantion-Processing Approach to Social Perception = 73

 Perception, Individual Differences, and Decision Making = 74

 Attitudes and Attitude Formation = 75

 Attitude Change = 76

 The Social Context of Judgment and Choice = 78

 Notes = 80

Chapter 4 MOTIVATION = 85

 Managerial Assumptions About Human Nature = 86

 Static-Content Theories of Motivation = 87

 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs = 87

 Alderfer's ERG Theory = 89

 McClelland's Theory of Socially Acquired Needs = 89

 Herzberg's Motivator-Hygiene Theory = 90

 Managerial Application : Job Enrichment and the Job Characteristics

 Model = 92

 Process Theories of Motivation = 94

 Expectancy Theory = 95

 Path-Goal Theory of Motivation = 97

 Goal-Setting Theory = 97

 Managerial Application : Management by Objectives = 98

 Environmentally Based Theories of Motivation = 100

 Operant Conditioning and Reinforcement Theory = 100

 Managerial Application : Organizational Behavior Modification = 102

 Social Comparison Theory = 102

 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Rewards and Motivation = 106

 Managerial Application : Gainsharing = 107

 Motivation and the Psychological Contract = 108

 Organizational Commitment and the Psychological Contract = 109

 Choosing an Appropriate Motivational Model = 111

 Notes = 112

Chapter 5 COMMUNICATION = 120

 The Communication Process = 120

 Interpersonal Communication = 122

 Communication Modes = 123

 Barriers to Effective Communication = 126

 Improving Interpersonal Communication = 127

 Organization Communication = 130

 Communication Networks = 130

 Organizational Symbols and Rituals = 133

 House Organs = 134

 Communication Roles = 135

 Media Richness and Communication Effectiveness = 137

 Communication and Technological Innovations = 138

 Envisioning and Communicating Organizational Change = 139

 Ethics in Organizational Communication = 140

 Notes = 141

Chapter 6 GROUP DYNAMICS = 147

 Types of Groups = 148

 Primary and Secondary Groups = 148

 Formal and Informal Groups = 148

 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Groups = 149

 Interacting and Nominal Groups = 149

 Permanent and Temporary Groups = 150

 Basic Attributes of Groups = 151

 Individual and Group Status = 151

 Roles = 152

 Norms = 153

 Cohesiveness = 154

 Group(Organizational)Commitment = 154

 Groupthink = 155

 Choice-Shift(Risky-Shift)Phenomenon = 156

 Social Loafing = 157

 Group Process and Development = 158

 Group Development = 158

 Group and Organizational Socialization = 160

 Observation of Group Process = 164

 Notes = 168

Chapter 7 WORK TEAMS AND INTERGROUP RELATIONS : MANAGING COLLABORATION AND CONFLICT = 173

 Work Teams = 173

 Managing Teams = 174

 Intergroup Relations = 180

 Group Interdependence = 180

 Intergroup Conflict = 181

 Notes = 188

Chapter 8 LEADERSHIP, POWER, AND THE MANAGER = 191

 Leadership and Power = 192

 Power and Authority = 192

 Types of Power = 192

 The Need for Power in Managerial Performance = 193

 Theories of Leadership = 194

 Trait Theory = 195

 Behavioral and Functional Theories = 196

 Contingency Theories = 202

 Attribution Theory = 207

 Leader-Member Relations = 210

 Leadership and Management = 210

 Mintzberg's Managerial Role Set = 211

 The Role of the General Manager = 212

 Implications for Management and Leadership = 213

 Substitutes for Leadership as Supervision = 214

 Transformational Leadership and Organizational Change = 216

 Gender, Power, and Leadership = 218

 Leadership : A Synthesis = 219

 Notes = 220

Chapter 9 MACRO-ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR : THE ORGANIZATION'S ENVIRONMENT = 227

 Organizational Environment = 227

 Defining Organizational Environment = 228

 Environmental Change and Uncertainty = 233

 Organization-Environment Relations = 235

 Managing Environmental Uncertainty = 238

 The International Environment = 243

 International Business and Organizational Behavior = 244

 Transferability of Management Practices = 245

 Culture and Management = 247

 Conclusion = 251

 Notes = 252

Chapter10 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND DESIGN = 257

 Organizational Structure = 258

 Differentiation and Integration = 258

 Mechanistic and Organic Structures = 260

 General Structural Dimensions = 261

 Determinants of Structure = 263

 Organization Design = 269

 Simple Structure = 271

 The Functional Organization = 271

 The Divisionalized Form = 273

 Adhocracy = 274

 Market-Based, Network Organizational Forms = 278

 Summary = 282

 Notes = 283

Chapter 11 ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND EFFECTIVENESS = 286

 Organizational Culture = 286

 Uniqueness of Organizational Cultures = 288

 Objective and Subjective Organizational Culture = 289

 Organizational Subcultures = 289

 Summary = 291

 Diagnosing Organizational Culture = 291

 Culture Change in Organizations = 294

 Ethical Considerations and Organizational Culture = 298

 Organizational Climate = 299

 Organizational Identity = 300

 Organizational Effectiveness = 302

 One-Dimensional Views of Effectiveness = 302

 Competing Values and Organizational Effectiveness = 305

 Summary = 307

 Notes = 307

Chapter 12 ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT AND CHANGE = 312

 Organization Development = 312

 Laboratory Training = 313

 Survey Research and Feedback = 313

 Sociotechnical Systems = 316

 The Nature of Organization Development = 317

 Intervention Strategies = 324

 Managing Large-Scale Organizational Change = 330

 Enabling Change = 331

 Interventions and Organizational Politics = 332

 Resistance, Support, and Coping With Change = 333

 Organizational Downsizing and Retrenchment = 335

 Summary = 337

 Notes = 337

Appendix A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS = 345

Appendix B HOW TO READ A RESEARCH-ORIENTED JOURNAL ARTICLE = 359

References = 383

Indexes = 385