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This book is the winner of the 2023 Dr. Sona Aronian Book Prize for Excellence in Armenian Studies, awarded by National Association for Armenian Studies & Research
Though references to Greek myths will hardly surprise the reader of western European literature, the reception history of Greek mythology is far richer and includes such lesser known traditions as the Armenian one. Greek myths were known to medieval Armenians through translations of late classical and early Christian writings and through the original works of Armenian authors. However, accessing them in their Armenian incarnations is no easy task. References to them are difficult to find as they are scattered over the vast medieval Armenian written corpus. Furthermore, during the process of translation, transmission, retelling, and copying of Greek mythical stories, Greek names, words, and plot details frequently became corrupted.
In this first-of-its-kind study, Gohar Muradyan brings together all the known references to ancient Greek myths (154 episodes) in medieval Armenian literature. Alongside the original Armenian passages and, when extant, their Greek originals, she provides annotated English translations. She opens the book with an informative introduction and concludes with useful appendices listing the occurrences of Greek gods, their Armenian equivalents, images, altars, temples, and rites, as well as Aesop's fables and the Trojan War.

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Acknowledgements


Preface





Introduction


1 Ancient Greek Myths in Christian Authors


2 Ancient Greek Myths in Old Armenian Literature


3 Names of Gods and Other Personages of Myths


Editorial Principles





Texts


1 The Hundred-handed, Titans, Giants, Cerberus, Chimera and Gorgos


2 The Castration of Uranus and the Birth of Aphrodite


3 Cyclopes


4 Children of Uranus and Gea


5 The Birth of Zeus


6 Zeus'' Tomb in Crete


7 Atlas


8 Centaurs


9 Mythical Musicians


10 Musician Thamyris


11 Punishment of Hera, Hephaestus'' Disabling, Aphrodite and Ares


12 The Birth of Athena


13 Founding Eleusis and Attica


14 Leto and Tityos


15 Apollo and Daphne


16 The Court of Areopagus


17 Orion


18 Demeter, Persephone and Triptolemus


19 Zeus and Persephone-Pherephatte


20 Revolt of the Giants against Zeus


21 Prometheus and Hephaestus


22 Deucalion and the Flood


23 Graeci and the Origin of the Name of the Hellenes


24 Ion and the Origin of the Name of the Greeks


25 Otus and Ephialtes


26 The Flight of Phrixus and Helle from Ino


27 The Foundation of Corinth


28 Salmoneus and Tyro


29 Soothsayer Melampus


30 The Argonauts


31 Pelias Killed by Medea


32 Medea Takes Revenge on Jason


33 Medea''s Son Medus


34 The First Kings of Sicyon


35 The First Kings of Argos


36 Zeus and Inachus''s Daughter Io


37 Belus King of Assyria


38 The Daughters of Danaus and Sons of Egypt


39 Bellerophontes and Chimera


40 Zeus and Danae, the Birth of Perseus


41 Perseus and Gorgo Medusa


42 Eurystheus Reigns over Mycenae


43 The Birth of Heracles


44 Heracles and the Fifty Daughters of Thespius


45 Heracles'' Madness


46 Heracles and the Nemean Lion


47 Heracles and the Lernean Hydra


48 The Mares of Diomedes


49 The Amazons


50 Geryon and the Pillars of Heracles


51 Heracles'' Single Combat with Antaeus


52 Heracles and Busiris


53 The Adventures of Theseus and Pirithous


54 Cerberus and Heracles


55 Cercopes and Heracles


56 Heracles Destroys Troy


57 Heracles and Auge, the Birth of Telephus


58 Heracles and the Oxen of Thiodamas


59 Heracles and Deianeira. Heracles'' Death


60 The Apotheosis of Heracles


61 The Return of the Heraclids to Peloponnese, Aristodemus Stricken by a Thunderbolt


62 Distribution of the Towns of Peloponnese among the Heraclids


63 The Birth of Cadmus, Phoenician Letters Introduced to Greece


64 Europa and Zeus


65 Sarpedon in Lycia


66 Minos and Rhadamanthus as Judges


67 Pasiphae and the Bull, the Birth of Minotaur


68 Foundation of Thebes


69 Cadmus and the Sparti


70 Zeus and Semele, the Birth of Dionysus


71 Dionysus'' Upbringing


72 Madness of Athamas and Ino


73 Dionysus and the Tragedy


74 Actaeon


75 Dionysus and the Vine


76 Dionysus Torn Apart by the Titans


77 Dionysus and Pentheus


78 Dionysus'' Apotheosis


79 Labdacus and Lycus Reigning in Thebes


80 Zethus and Amphion, the Musician Arion


81 The Walls of Thebes


82 Niobe and Leto


83 The Sphinx Sent to Thebes


84 The Tragedy of Oedipus


85 Argos'' War against Thebes


86 The Transformation of Tiresias


87 Details of the Theban War


88 Single Battle of Eteocles and Polynices


89 Amphiaraus and Adrastus


90 The Epigones against Thebes


91 Zeus and Callisto, the Birth of Arcas


92 Atalanta and Hippomenes


93 Asclepius Struck by the Thunderbolt


94 Zeus and Leda


95 Dardania and Troy


96 The Rape of Ganymede


97 The Founding of Ilium and the Reign of Priam


98 Aeacus


99 The Birth and Upbringing of Achilles


100 Cecrops


101 Greek Letters Ascribed to Cecrops


102 Phoenix Blinded


103 The Strife of Athena and Poseidon for Athens


104 Cecrops'' Son Erysichthon


105 Phaethon


106 Myrrha, Birth of Adonis


107 Atthis and the Name of Attica


108 Cranaus'' Successors on the throne of Athens


109 The Birth of Erichthonius


110 The Daughters of Pandion, Triptolemus


111 Icarius


112 The Tragedy of Procne and Philomela


113 Erechteus'' Ascension to the Throne, Orythia and Boreas


114 Eumolpus


115 The Seventh to Eleventh Kings of Athens


116 Theseus in Attica


117 Daedalus and Icarus


118 Theseus and the Marathonian Bull


119 Medea''s Banishment from Athens


120 Theseus and Ariadne


121 Daedalus'' Flight and the Murder of Minos


122 Phaedra and Hippolytus


123 Ixion and Hera


124 The Battle of Centaurs and Lapiths


125 Helen Kidnapped by Theseus


126 The Adventures of Theseus and Pirithous in Hades


127 Tantalus'' Punishment


128 The Ivory Shoulder of Pelops


129 Pelops'' Marriage and Ascension to the Throne, the Pelopids


130 Atreus'' and Thyestes'' Ascension to the Throne


131 Agamenon and Menelaus, the Birth of Orestes


132 Helen''s Rape by Paris


133 Proteus Keeps Helen, Proteus'' Transformation, His Sons


134 Odysseus and Palamedes


135 Iphigenia in Aulis and in Tauris


136 Aphrodite Wounded


137 Diomedes Wounded by Paris'' Arrow


138 The Death of Patroclus


139 Achilles and the Scamander River


140 Hector Killed


141 Achilles and Thersites


142 Memnon Protector of Troy, Zarmayr


143 The Conquest of Troy, Polyxene


144 Orestes'' Ascension to the Mycenaean Throne, Pyrrhus Killed


145 The Island of the Cyclopes


146 Odysseus and Polyphemus


147 The Island of Circe


148 The Sirens


149 Scylla and Charybdis


150 On the Island of Calypso


151 Penelope''s Bridegrooms


152 The Birth of Pan


153 The Foundation of Rome


154 Narcissus





Appendices


1 Mentions of Greek Gods, their Armenian Equivalents and Images


2 Complete Narrations about the Trojan War


3 Shaking Olympus


4 Candaules and Gyges, Midas


5 Halcyon


6 Hayk''s Grandson Cadmus


Bibliography


Literature


Index of Names