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The Handbook of Risk and Crisis Communication explores the scope and purpose of risk, and its counterpart, crisis, to facilitate the understanding of these issues from conceptual and strategic perspectives. Recognizing that risk is a central feature of our daily lives, found in relationships, organizations, governments, the environment, and a wide variety of interactions, contributors to this volume explore such questions as: "What is likely to happen, to whom, and with what consequences?"; "To what extent can science and vigilance prevent or mitigate negative outcomes?"; and "What obligation do some segments of local, national, and global populations have to help other segments manage risks?", shedding light on the issues in the quest for definitive answers.

The Handbook offers a broad approach to the study of risk and crisis as joint concerns. Chapters explore the reach of crisis and risk communication, define and examine key constructs, and parse the contexts of these vital areas. As a whole, the volume presents a comprehensive array of studies that highlight the standard principles and theories on both topics, serving as the largest effort to date focused on engaging risk communication discussions in a comprehensive manner.

With perspectives from psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, economics, and communication, the Handbook of Risk and Crisis Communication enlarges the approach to defining and recognizing risk and how should it best be managed. It provides vital insights for all disciplines studying risk, including communication, public relations, business, and psychology, and will be required reading for scholars and researchers investigating risk and crisis in various contexts.

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CONTENTS
Contributors = ix
Introduction = xi
SECTION Ⅰ. EXPLORING THE REACH OF CRISIS AND RISK COMMUNICATION = 1
 1 The Significance of Crisis and Risk Communication / ROBERT L. HEATH ; H. DAN O'HAIR = 5
 2 Historical Trends of Risk and Crisis Communication / MICHAEL J. PALENCHAR = 31
 3 Cultural Theory and Risk / JAMES TANSEY ; STEVE RAYNER = 53
 4 Risk Communication : Insights and Requirements for Designing Successful Communication Programs on Health and Environmental Hazards / ORTWIN RENN = 80
 5 Conceptualizing Crisis Communication / W. TIMOTHY COOMBS = 99
 6 The Precautionary Principle and Risk Communication / STEVE MAGUIRE ; JAYE ELLIS = 119
SECTION Ⅱ. KEY CONSTRUCTS OF CRISIS AND RISK COMMUNICATION = 139
 7 Strategies for Overcoming Challenges to Effective Risk Communication / VINCENT T. COVELLO = 143
 8 Risk Communication Education for Local Emergency Managers : Using the CAUSE Model for Research, Education, and Outreach / KATHERINE E. ROWAN ; CARL H. BOTAN ; GARY L. KREPS ; SERGEI SAMOILENKO ; KAREN FARNSWORTH = 168
 9 Risk and Social Dramaturgy / INGAR PALMLUND = 192
 10 Myths and Maxims of Risk and Crisis Communication / PETER A. ANDERSEN ; BRIAN H. SPITZBERG = 205
 11 The Ecological Perspective and Other Ways to(Re)Consider Cultural Factors in Risk Communication / LINDA ALDOORY = 227
 12 Science Literacy and Risk Analysis : Relationship to the Postmodernist Critique, Conservative Christian Activists, and Professional Obfuscators / MICHAEL RYAN = 247
 13 Influence Theories : Rhetorical, Persuasion, and Informational / JEFFREY K. SPRINGSTON ; ELIZABETH JOHNSON AVERY ; LYNNE M. SALLOT = 268
 14 Raising the Alarm and Calming Fears : Perceived Threat and Efficacy During Risk and Crisis / ANTHONY J. ROBERTO ; CATHERINE E. GOODALL ; KIM WITTE = 285
 15 Post-Crisis Communication and Renewal : Understanding the Potential for Positive Outcomes in Crisis Communication / ROBERT R. ULMER ; TIMOTHY L. SELLNOW ; MATTHEW W. SEEGER = 302
 16 Risk Communication by Organizations : The Back Story / CARON CHESS ; BRANDEN JOHNSON = 323
 17 Ethical Responsibility and Guidelines for Managing Issues of Risk and Risk Communication / SHANNON A. BOWEN = 343
 18 Linking Public Participation and Decision Making through Risk Communication / KATHERINE A. MCCOMAS ; JOSEPH ARVAI ; JOHN C. BESLEY = 364
 19 Warming Warnings : Global Challenges of Risk and Crisis Communication / DAVID MCKIE ; CHRISTOPHER GALLOWAY = 386
 20 Risk, Crisis, and Mediated Communication / KURT NEUWIRTH = 398
 21 Crises and Risk in Cyberspace / KIRK HALLAHAN = 412
 22 Virtual Risk : The Role of New Media in Violent and Nonviolent Ideological Groups / MATTHEW T. ALLEN ; AMANDA D. ANGIE ; JOSH L. DAVIS ; CRISTINA L. BYRNE ; H. DAN O'HAIR ; SHANE CONNELLY ; MICHAEL D. MUMFORD = 446
 23 Community Building through Risk Communication Infrastructures / ROBERT L. HEATH ; MICHAEL J. PALENCHAR ; H. DAN O'HAIR = 471
SECTION Ⅲ. CONTEXTS OF CRISIS AND RISK COMMUNICATION = 489
 24 Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication in Health Contexts : Applying the CDC Model to Pandemic Influenza / MATTHEW W. SEEGER ; BARBARA REYNOLDS ; TIMOTHY L. SELLNOW = 493
 25 How People Think about Cancer : A Mental Models Approach / JULIE S. DOWNS ; WÄNDI BRUINE DE BRUIN ; BARUCH FISCHHOFF ; BRADFORD HESSE ; ED MAIBACH = 507
 26 Killing and Other Campus Violence : Restorative Enrichment of Risk and Crisis Communication / CINDI ATKINSON ; COURTNEY VAUGHN ; JAMI VANCAMP = 525
 27 Denial, Differentiation, and Apology : On the Use of Apologia in Crisis Management / KEITH MICHAEL HEARIT ; KASIE MITCHELL ROBERSON = 542
 28 Risk Communication and Biotechnology : A Discourse Perspective / SHIRLEY LEITCH ; JUDY MOTION = 560
 29 Precautionary Principle and Biotechnology : Regulators Are from Mars and Activists Are from Venus / STEPHANIE PROUTHEAU ; ROBERT L. HEATH = 576
 30 Environmental Risk Communication : Responding to Challenges of Complexity and Uncertainty / TARLA RAI PETERSON ; JESSICA LEIGH THOMPSON = 591
 31 Knowing Terror : On the Epistemology and Rhetoric of Risk / KEVIN J. AYOTTE ; DANIEL REX BERNARD ; H. DAN O'HAIR = 607
 32 Magnifying Risk and Crisis : The Influence of Communication Technology on Contemporary Global Terrorism / MICHAEL D. BRUCE ; H. DAN O'HAIR = 629
 33 Opportunity Knocks : Putting Communication Research into the Travel and Tourism Risk and Crisis Literature / LYNNE M. SALLOT ; ELIZABETH JOHNSON AVERY ; JEFFREY K. SPRINGSTON = 654
Index = 667